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In the body, chromium(VI) is reduced by several mechanisms to chromium(III) already in the blood before it enters the cells. The chromium(III) is excreted from the body, whereas the chromate ion is transferred into the cell by a transport mechanism, by which also sulfate and phosphate ions enter the cell.
Chromium deficiency is described as the consequence of an insufficient dietary intake of the mineral chromium. Chromium was first proposed as an essential element for normal glucose metabolism in 1959, [ 1 ] but its biological function has not been identified. [ 2 ]
Low-molecular-weight chromium-binding substance (LMWCr; also known as chromodulin) is an oligopeptide that seems to transport chromium in the body. [1] It consists of four amino acid residues; aspartate , cysteine , glutamate , and glycine , bonded with four (Cr 3+ ) centers.
Chromium was once proposed as an essential nutrient in maintaining normal blood glucose levels, [6] but this function has not been sufficiently demonstrated. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The European Food Safety Authority concluded that there is no convincing evidence to show chromium as an essential nutrient, thereby not justifying the setting of ...
Trace metals within the human body include iron, lithium, zinc, copper, chromium, nickel, cobalt, vanadium, molybdenum, manganese and others. [1] [2] [3] Some of the trace metals are needed by living organisms to function properly and are depleted through the expenditure of energy by various metabolic processes of living organisms.
Hexavalent chromium has negative impacts towards soil ecology because it decreases soil micro-organism presence, function, and diversity. [23] Chromium concentrations in soil diversify depending on the different compositions of the sediments and rocks that the soil is made from. The chromium present in soil is a mixture of both Cr(VI) and Cr ...
Adults need at least 130 grams of carbohydrates daily to support proper brain function. The best sources of carbohydrates are complex carbs, which are found in foods like whole grains, legumes ...
Hexavalent chromium and its compounds are toxic when inhaled or ingested. Trivalent chromium is a trace mineral that is essential to human nutrition. There is a hypothetical risk of genotoxicity in humans if large amounts of trivalent chromium were somehow able to enter living cells, but normal metabolism and cell function prevent this. [2]
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