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I is the sound intensity; I 0 is the reference sound intensity; 1 Np = 1 is the neper; 1 B = 1 / 2 ln(10) is the bel; 1 dB = 1 / 20 ln(10) is the decibel. The commonly used reference sound intensity in air is [3] = /. being approximately the lowest sound intensity hearable by an undamaged human ear under room conditions.
The speed of sound depends on the medium the waves pass through, and is a fundamental property of the material. The first significant effort towards measurement of the speed of sound was made by Isaac Newton. He believed the speed of sound in a particular substance was equal to the square root of the pressure acting on it divided by its density:
Loudness, a subjective measure, is often confused with physical measures of sound strength such as sound pressure, sound pressure level (in decibels), sound intensity or sound power. Weighting filters such as A-weighting and LKFS attempt to compensate measurements to correspond to loudness as perceived by the typical human.
Key quantities describing these waves include acoustic pressure, particle velocity, particle displacement, and acoustic intensity. The speed of acoustic waves depends on the medium's properties, such as density and elasticity, with sound traveling at approximately 343 meters per second in air, 1480 meters per second in water, and varying speeds ...
Temporal summation is the relationship between stimulus duration and intensity when the presentation time is less than 1 second. Auditory sensitivity changes when the duration of a sound becomes less than 1 second. The threshold intensity decreases by about 10 dB when the duration of a tone burst is increased from 20 to 200 ms.
Sound localization is a listener's ability to identify the location or origin of a detected sound in direction and distance. The sound localization mechanisms of the mammalian auditory system have been extensively studied. The auditory system uses several cues for sound source localization, including time difference and level difference (or ...
It depends strongly on temperature as well as the medium through which a sound wave is propagating. At 0 °C (32 °F), the speed of sound in air is about 331 m/s (1,086 ft/s; 1,192 km/h; 740 mph; 643 kn). [1] The speed of sound in an ideal gas depends only on its temperature and composition. The speed has a weak dependence on frequency and ...
Sound power or acoustic power is the rate at which sound energy is emitted, reflected, transmitted or received, per unit time. [1] It is defined [2] as "through a surface, the product of the sound pressure, and the component of the particle velocity, at a point on the surface in the direction normal to the surface, integrated over that surface."