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In PHP version 5 and above, the constructor is a method named __construct() (notice that it's a double underscore), which the keyword new automatically calls after creating the object. It is usually used to automatically perform initializations such as property initializations.
Object handling was completely rewritten for PHP 5, expanding the feature set and enhancing performance. [42] In previous versions of PHP, objects were handled like primitive types. [42] The drawback of this method was that the whole object was copied when a variable was assigned or passed as a parameter to a method.
According to Design Patterns: Elements of Reusable Object-Oriented Software: "Define an interface for creating an object, but let subclasses decide which class to instantiate. Factory method lets a class defer instantiation to subclasses." [2] Creating an object often requires complex processes not appropriate to include within a composing object.
In previous versions of PHP, objects were handled like value types. [230] The drawback of this method was that code had to make heavy use of PHP's "reference" variables if it wanted to modify an object it was passed rather than creating a copy of it. In the new approach, objects are referenced by handle, and not by value. [citation needed]
Encapsulate creating and assembling the parts of a complex object in a separate Builder object. A class delegates object creation to a Builder object instead of creating the objects directly. A class (the same construction process) can delegate to different Builder objects to create different representations of a complex object.
In object-oriented programming, a factory is an object for creating other objects; formally, it is a function or method that returns objects of a varying prototype or class [1] from some method call, which is assumed to be new. [a] More broadly, a subroutine that returns a new object may be referred to as a factory, as in factory method or ...
Objects can contain other objects in their instance variables; this is known as object composition. For example, an object in the Employee class might contain (either directly or through a pointer) an object in the Address class, in addition to its own instance variables like "first_name" and "position".
PHPDoc supports documentation of both object-oriented and procedural code. On August 13, 2013 the PHP Framework Interoperability Group began writing a formal specification (PSR) for PHPDoc. [ 1 ]