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Clinical governance is a systematic approach to maintaining and improving the quality of patient care within the National Health Service (NHS) and private sector health care. Clinical governance became important in health care after the Bristol heart scandal in 1995, during which an anaesthetist, Dr Stephen Bolsin , exposed the high mortality ...
This cost-spreading mechanism often picks up much of the cost of health care, but individuals must often pay up-front a minimum part of the total cost (a deductible), or a small part of the cost of every procedure (a copayment). Private insurance accounts for 35% of total health spending in the United States, by far the largest share among OECD ...
Swage T.; Clinical governance in health care practice. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann, 2000; Clinical Governance Support Team, A Practical Handbook for Clinical Audit. 2004; Clinical governance and re-validation: the role of clinical audit, Education in Pathology. 2002;117:47–50; The New NHS, Modern, Dependable, London: HMSO, 1997, ISBN 0-10 ...
Health policy can be defined as the "decisions, plans, and actions that are undertaken to achieve specific healthcare goals within a society". [1] According to the World Health Organization, an explicit health policy can achieve several things: it defines a vision for the future; it outlines priorities and the expected roles of different groups; and it builds consensus and informs people.
U.S. healthcare costs in 2015 were 16.9% GDP according to the OECD, over 5% GDP higher than the next most expensive OECD country. [2] With U.S. GDP of $19 trillion, healthcare costs were about $3.2 trillion, or about $10,000 per person in a country of 320 million people.
Federal, state, and local governments can improve population health by evaluating all proposed social and economic policies for potential health impacts. [4] Future efforts within health policy can incorporate appropriate incentives and tactical funding for community-based initiatives that target known gaps in social determinants.
A 2009 study published by BCBSA found that the average administrative expense cost for all commercial health insurance products was represented 9.2% of premiums in 2008. [237] Administrative costs were 11.1% of premiums for small group products and 16.4% in the individual market. [237]
A 2004 report by the Congressional Budget Office put medical malpractice costs at 2% of U.S. health spending and "even significant reductions" would do little to reduce the growth of health care expenses. [89] Conservative columnist Charles Krauthammer argued that between $60–200 billion per year could be saved through tort reform.