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When viewed in this way, the polarization of an electromagnetic wave is determined by a quantum mechanical property of photons called their spin. [7] [8] A photon has one of two possible spins: it can either spin in a right hand sense or a left hand sense about its direction of travel. Circularly polarized electromagnetic waves are composed of ...
The term linear polarization (French: polarisation rectiligne) was coined by Augustin-Jean Fresnel in 1822. [1] See polarization and plane of polarization for more information. The orientation of a linearly polarized electromagnetic wave is defined by the direction of the electric field vector. [2]
Photon polarization is the quantum mechanical description of the classical polarized sinusoidal plane electromagnetic wave. An individual photon can be described as having right or left circular polarization , or a superposition of the two.
That is, the polarization is a convolution of the electric field at previous times with time-dependent susceptibility given by (). The upper limit of this integral can be extended to infinity as well if one defines χ e ( Δ t ) = 0 {\displaystyle \chi _{\text{e}}(\Delta t)=0} for Δ t < 0 {\displaystyle \Delta t<0} .
Polarimetry is the measurement and interpretation of the polarization of transverse waves, most notably electromagnetic waves, such as radio or light waves. Typically polarimetry is done on electromagnetic waves that have traveled through or have been reflected, refracted or diffracted by some material in order to characterize that object. [1] [2]
Circular polarization and linear polarization can be considered to be special cases of elliptical polarization. This terminology was introduced by Augustin-Jean Fresnel in 1822, [ 1 ] before the electromagnetic nature of light waves was known.
Of the 283 misleading X posts that CCDH analyzed, 209, or 74% of the posts, did not show accurate notes to all X users correcting false and misleading claims about the elections, the report said.
The polarization is proportional to the macroscopic field by = = where is the electric permittivity constant and is the electric susceptibility. Using this proportionality, we find the local field as F = 1 3 ( ε r + 2 ) E {\displaystyle \mathbf {F} ={\tfrac {1}{3}}(\varepsilon _{\mathrm {r} }+2)\mathbf {E} } which can be used in the definition ...