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Physiognomy of the melancholic temperament (drawing by Thomas Holloway, c.1789, made for Johann Kaspar Lavater's Essays on Physiognomy). Melancholia or melancholy (from Greek: µέλαινα χολή melaina chole, [1] meaning black bile) [2] is a concept found throughout ancient, medieval, and premodern medicine in Europe that describes a condition characterized by markedly depressed mood ...
Melancholia was a far broader concept than today's depression; prominence was given to a clustering of the symptoms of sadness, dejection, and despondency, and often fear, anger, delusions and obsessions were included. [3] Physicians in the Persian and then the Muslim world developed ideas about melancholia during the Islamic Golden Age.
Depressive personality disorder, also known as melancholic personality disorder, is a former psychiatric diagnosis that denotes a personality disorder with depressive features. Originally included in the American Psychiatric Association's DSM-II , [ citation needed ] , depressive personality disorder was removed from the DSM-III and DSM-III-R .
This article needs to be updated. The reason given is: Many outdated sources and information (older than five years). Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (July 2024) Medical condition Major depressive disorder Other names Clinical depression, major depression, unipolar depression, unipolar disorder, recurrent depression Sorrowing Old Man (At ...
Melancholia, one of the four temperaments in pre-modern medicine and proto-psychology, representing a state of low mood; Depression (mood), a state of low mood, also known as melancholy; Major depressive disorder, a mood disorder historically called melancholy
Melancholy is said to allow one to "feel connected to the ecstasies of the universe", but depression is a source of despair. [21] Though the two states "take you to completely different destinations", Cain posits that melancholy and depression themselves probably differ as a matter of degree rather than as a matter of kind. [21]
Diurnal mood variation or morning depression is a prominent [1] depression symptom characterized by gradual mood improvement through the day, reaching its peak sometime after twilight. While the main form of diurnal mood variation presents itself as described, a reversed form, with a worsening of mood towards the evening, also exists. [ 2 ]
Mourning and Melancholia (German: Trauer und Melancholie) is a 1917 work of Sigmund Freud, the founder of psychoanalysis. [ 1 ] In this essay, Freud argues that mourning and melancholia are similar but different responses to loss .