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A pericardial cyst is an uncommon benign dilatation of the pericardial sac surrounding the heart. It can lead to symptoms by compressing nearby structures, but is usually asymptomatic. [ 1 ] Pericardial cysts can be congenital or acquired, and they are typically diagnosed with radiologic imaging.
A pericardial effusion with enough pressure to adversely affect heart function is called cardiac tamponade. [1] Pericardial effusions can cause cardiac tamponade in acute settings with fluid as little as 150mL. In chronic settings, however, fluid can accumulate anywhere up to 2L before an effusion causes cardiac tamponade.
Pericardiocentesis should be performed with ultrasound guidance whenever possible to prevent complications. [2] [6] This allows practitioners to assess the location of the pericardial effusion and identify adjacent structures. [6] With ultrasound guidance, an apical approach is most often used, but parasternal and subxiphoid approaches can also ...
Pericardial fat pad sign; Perkin's line; Phantom calyx sign; Picket fence appearance; Picture framing (radiology) Pie-in-the-sky sign; Piece of Pie sign; Playboy sign; Pneumatosis intestinalis; Pneumoarthrogram sign; Polka dot sign; Popcorn appearance; Popcorn calcification; Pseudo Rigler's sign; Pseudofracture; Puckered panniculus sign ...
This type of Echocardiogram may be a better option for patients with thick chests, abnormal chest walls, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and the obese. However, transthoracic is often superior to transesophageal for visualization of the apex of the left ventricle (e.g., left ventricular thrombus ) and visualization of the ventricular size ...
This allows for the detection of a pneumothorax with the absence of normal ‘lung-sliding’ and ‘comet-tail’ artifact (seen on the ultrasound screen). Compared with supine chest radiography , with CT or clinical course as the gold standard, bedside sonography has superior sensitivity (49–99% versus 27–75%), similar specificity (95 ...
Some troops leave the battlefield injured. Others return from war with mental wounds. Yet many of the 2 million Iraq and Afghanistan veterans suffer from a condition the Defense Department refuses to acknowledge: Moral injury.
The pleural and pericardial cavities are exaggerated since normally there is no space between parietal and visceral pleura and between pericardium and heart. Pericardial fluid is the serous fluid secreted by the serous layer of the pericardium into the pericardial cavity. The pericardium consists of two layers, an outer fibrous layer and the ...