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Pad sign; Palla's sign; Pancake kidney; Pancake vertebra; Panda sign; Pauwel's angle; Pawnbroker's sign; Pearshaped bladder; Pedicle sign; Pencil Pointing; Pencil-in-cup sign; Peribronchial cuffing; Pericardial fat pad sign; Perkin's line; Phantom calyx sign; Picket fence appearance; Picture frame sign; Pie-in-the-sky sign; Piece of Pie sign ...
The sign is an imaging finding using a 3.5–7.5 MHz ultrasound probe in the fourth and fifth intercostal spaces in the anterior clavicular line using the M-Mode of the machine. This finding is seen in the M-mode tracing as pleura and lung being indistinguishable as linear hyperechogenic lines and is fairly reliable for diagnosis of a pneumothorax.
A pericardial effusion with enough pressure to adversely affect heart function is called cardiac tamponade. [1] Pericardial effusions can cause cardiac tamponade in acute settings with fluid as little as 150mL. In chronic settings, however, fluid can accumulate anywhere up to 2L before an effusion causes cardiac tamponade.
A pericardial cyst is an uncommon benign dilatation of the pericardial sac surrounding the heart. It can lead to symptoms by compressing nearby structures, but is usually asymptomatic. [ 1 ] Pericardial cysts can be congenital or acquired, and they are typically diagnosed with radiologic imaging.
The pericardium (pl.: pericardia), also called pericardial sac, is a double-walled sac containing the heart and the roots of the great vessels. [1] It has two layers, an outer layer made of strong inelastic connective tissue (fibrous pericardium), and an inner layer made of serous membrane (serous pericardium).
The pleural and pericardial cavities are exaggerated since normally there is no space between parietal and visceral pleura and between pericardium and heart. Pericardial fluid is the serous fluid secreted by the serous layer of the pericardium into the pericardial cavity. The pericardium consists of two layers, an outer fibrous layer and the ...
Cardiac tamponade, also known as pericardial tamponade (/ ˌ t æ m. p ə ˈ n eɪ d / [4]), is a compression of the heart due to pericardial effusion (the build-up of pericardial fluid in the sac around the heart). [2] Onset may be rapid or gradual. [2]
Pericardiocentesis should be performed with ultrasound guidance whenever possible to prevent complications. [2] [6] This allows practitioners to assess the location of the pericardial effusion and identify adjacent structures. [6] With ultrasound guidance, an apical approach is most often used, but parasternal and subxiphoid approaches can also ...