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The arthropod body plan consists of segments, each with a pair of appendages. Arthropods are bilaterally symmetrical and their body possesses an external skeleton . In order to keep growing, they must go through stages of moulting , a process by which they shed their exoskeleton to reveal a new one.
Segmentation in biology is the division of some animal and plant body plans into a linear series of repetitive segments that may or may not be interconnected to each other. This article focuses on the segmentation of animal body plans, specifically using the examples of the taxa Arthropoda, Chordata, and Annelida. These three groups form ...
Modern groups of animals can be grouped by the arrangement of their body structures, so are said to possess different body plans. A body plan, Bauplan (pl. German: Baupläne), or ground plan is a set of morphological features common to many members of a phylum of animals. [1] The vertebrates share one body plan, while invertebrates have many.
The relative simplicity of the arthropods' body plan, allowing them to move on a variety of surfaces both on land and in water, have made them useful as models for robotics. The redundancy provided by segments allows arthropods and biomimetic robots to move normally even with damaged or lost appendages. [174] [175]
An example of convergent evolution is carcinization, which is he convergent evolution of crustaceans to a crab-like body plan. Convergent evolution—the repeated evolution of similar traits in multiple lineages which all ancestrally lack the trait—is rife in nature, as illustrated by the examples below.
Hox proteins encode and specify the characteristics of 'position', ensuring that the correct structures form in the correct places of the body. For example, Hox genes in insects specify which appendages form on a segment (for example, legs, antennae, and wings in fruit flies), and Hox genes in vertebrates specify the types and shape of ...
Arthropods (/ ˈ ɑːr θ r ə p ɒ d / ARTH-rə-pod) are invertebrates in the phylum Arthropoda.They possess an exoskeleton with a cuticle made of chitin, often mineralised with calcium carbonate, a body with differentiated segments, and paired jointed appendages.
The body of a crustacean is composed of segments, which are grouped into three regions: the cephalon or head, [5] the pereon or thorax, [6] and the pleon or abdomen. [7] The head and thorax may be fused together to form a cephalothorax , [ 8 ] which may be covered by a single large carapace . [ 9 ]