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Clomipramine, sold under the brand name Anafranil among others, is a tricyclic antidepressant (TCA). [7] It is used in the treatment of various conditions, most notably obsessive–compulsive disorder but also many other disorders, including hyperacusis, panic disorder, major depressive disorder, trichotillomania, [8] body dysmorphic disorder [9] [10] [11] and chronic pain. [7]
The TCAs are used primarily in the clinical treatment of mood disorders such as major depressive disorder (MDD), dysthymia, and treatment-resistant variants. They are also used in the treatment of a number of other medical disorders, including cyclic vomiting syndrome (CVS) and anxiety disorders such as generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), social phobia (SP) also known as social anxiety ...
In clinical practice, venlafaxine and clomipramine are the most common antidepressants used to treat cataplexy. If the patient wishes to have a sedative effect, then clomipramine is prescribed. The effect of these drugs is to suppress the REM component and to increase the brainstem monoaminergic levels. [4]
Many neurotransmitters are affected when the body is under the increased stress and anxiety that accompany a panic attack. Some include serotonin, GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid), dopamine, norepinephrine, and glutamate. [42] An increase of serotonin in certain pathways of the brain seems to be correlated with reduced anxiety.
Carrying out the compulsion reduces the anxiety, but each recurrence strengthens the urge to perform the compulsion, reinforcing the intrusive thoughts. [7] According to Lee Baer, suppressing the thoughts only makes them stronger, and recognizing that bad thoughts do not signify that one is truly evil is one of the steps to overcoming them. [13]
However, the starting dose must be lower than the one used for major depressive disorder because people have reported an increase in anxiety as a result of starting the medication. In conclusion, while panic disorder's treatment options seem acceptable and useful for this condition, many people are still symptomatic after treatment with ...
Houser, the terrorism and mass-casualty researcher, said vehicle attacks are a concerningly easy way to rapidly kill and injure a large number of people because the attack starts and finishes ...
SSRIs increase the extracellular level of the neurotransmitter serotonin by limiting its reabsorption (reuptake) into the presynaptic cell. [2] They have varying degrees of selectivity for the other monoamine transporters , with pure SSRIs having strong affinity for the serotonin transporter and only weak affinity for the norepinephrine and ...