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The Pullman Strike was two interrelated strikes in 1894 that shaped national labor policy in the United States during a period of deep economic depression. First came a strike by the American Railway Union (ARU) against the Pullman factory in Chicago in spring 1894.
Agitated workers face the factory owner in The Strike, painted by Robert Koehler in 1886. The following is a list of specific strikes (workers refusing to work, seeking to change their conditions in a particular industry or an individual workplace, or striking in solidarity with those in another particular workplace) and general strikes (widespread refusal of workers to work in an organized ...
The ARU established temporary strike headquarters in Chicago to keep more closely abreast of the situation. [16] Chicago became a constant mass of meetings as workers of the various railway crafts gathered to discuss the strike situation. [16] The railway switchmen were the first to act, refusing to attach Pullman cars to trains. [17]
Pullman strikers outside Arcade Building in Pullman, Chicago. The Illinois National Guard can be seen guarding the building during the Pullman Railroad Strike in 1894. 11 May – 10 July 1894 (United States) Pullman Strike: A nation-wide strike against the Pullman Company begins with a wildcat walkout [20] on 11 May after wages are drastically ...
The Pullman Strike began at the Pullman Company in Chicago after Pullman refused to either lower rent in the company town or raise wages for its workers due to increased economic pressure from the Panic of 1893. [21] Since the Pullman Company was a railroad car company, this only increased the difficulty of acquiring rolling stock.
President Grover Cleveland sided with the Pullman Company during the strike, and Cleveland's attorney general Richard Olney sought a court order to end the strike from federal judge Peter S. Grosscup, whom he knew to hold anti-union sentiments. In July 1894, Grosscup issued an injunction, described as an "omnibus injunction" due to its wide ...
For much of earlier US history, presidents were known more for antagonizing unions than joining them – helping companies and owners put down strikes, including with help from the US military, as ...
The PATCO strike demonstrated that the federal government would act as a strike breaker, making labor unions more hesitant to use strikes as a tool. There had been no federal government intervention on labor unions to shut down a strike since President Grover Cleveland shut down the Pullman Strike of 1894 . [ 3 ]