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The early Victorian era before the reforms of the 1840s became notorious for the employment of young children in factories and mines and as chimney sweeps. [ 18 ] [ 19 ] Child labour played an important role in the Industrial Revolution from its outset: novelist Charles Dickens , for example, worked at the age of 12 in a blacking factory, with ...
The era can also be understood in a more extensive sense—the 'long Victorian era'—as a period that possessed sensibilities and characteristics distinct from the periods adjacent to it, [note 1] in which case it is sometimes dated to begin before Victoria's accession—typically from the passage of or agitation for (during the 1830s) the ...
There was however a rise in real income and increase in availability of various consumer goods to the lower classes during this period. [9] Prior to the industrial revolution, increases in real wages would be offset by subsequent decreases, a phenomenon which ceased to occur following the revolution. The real wage of the average worker doubled ...
The working conditions for "drawers" exemplify some of the changes following the Industrial Revolution. The Condition-of-England question was a debate in the Victorian era over the issue of the English working class during the Industrial Revolution. It was first proposed by Thomas Carlyle in his essay Chartism (1839).
The Industrial Revolution was the first period in history during which there was a simultaneous increase in both population and per capita income. [144] According to Robert Hughes in The Fatal Shore , the population of England and Wales, which had remained steady at six million from 1700 to 1740, rose dramatically after 1740.
Society and culture of the Victorian era refers to society and culture in the United Kingdom during the Victorian era--that is the 1837-1901 reign of Queen Victoria. The idea of "reform" was a motivating force, as seen in the political activity of religious groups and the newly formed labour unions.
The Industrial Age is a period of history that encompasses the changes in economic and social organization that began around 1760 in Great Britain and later in other countries, characterized chiefly by the replacement of hand tools with power-driven machines such as the power loom and the steam engine, and by the concentration of industry in ...
The Factory Acts were a series of acts passed by the Parliament of the United Kingdom beginning in 1802 to regulate and improve the conditions of industrial employment. The early Acts concentrated on regulating the hours of work and moral welfare of young children employed in cotton mills but were effectively unenforced until the Act of 1833 ...