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Relief depicting a Gallo-Roman harvester. Roman agriculture describes the farming practices of ancient Rome, during a period of over 1000 years.From humble beginnings, the Roman Republic (509 BC–27 BC) and the Roman Empire (27 BC–476 AD) expanded to rule much of Europe, northern Africa, and the Middle East and thus comprised many agricultural environments of which the Mediterranean climate ...
An estate owner could claim a laborer as a colonus adscripticius with the intention that this person would provide him services. The landowner would also need to show proof through two documents, such as a conductionale instrumentum or a conductio (a labor contract), [3] or a copy of the publici census adscriptio (a receipt of his enrollment into the public tax register).
In ancient Roman religion, agricultural deities were thought to care for every aspect of growing, harvesting, and storing crops. Preeminent among these are such major deities as Ceres and Saturn, but a large number of the many Roman deities known by name either supported farming or were devoted solely to a specific agricultural function.
Agriculture in ancient Rome; Agro-town – Town whose workforce's main occupation is agriculture; Encomienda – Spanish labour system in its colonies; Encomiendas in Peru; Latifundio–minifundio land tenure structure – A concept in the social sciences describing the civil organization of latin america; Plantation – Farms for cash crops
In the city of Rome, the Forum Holitorium was an ancient farmers' market, and the Vicus Tuscus was famous for its fresh produce. [42] Throughout the city, meats, fish, cheeses, produce, olive oil , spices, and the ubiquitous condiment garum ( fish sauce ) were sold at macella , Roman indoor markets, and at marketplaces throughout the provinces.
Some farmers were forced to fight instead of caring for the land. When natural resources were depleted in already occupied regions of the Roman Empire, the military was sent to not only to defend lands of the Romans, but also to accumulate other areas of interest that had a plentiful supply of timber to accommodate the needs of the Roman economy .
In ancient Rome, graffiti was the equivalent of billboards. [103] Goods and products in ancient Rome may have carried inscriptions which were used to advertise other goods and services. Toy chariots were inscribed with the names of famous charioteers and lamps and bowls had images of famous gladiators. [104]
It used to be standard view that through the second century BC, the number of free farmers in rural Italy suffered a precipitous decline. [8] This traditional view, transmitted from the ancient sources, "has been much overstated"; the narrative connecting military service to the decline of the yeomanry, moreover, "has to be rejected". [9]