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The history of Poland spans over a thousand years, from medieval tribes, Christianization and monarchy; through Poland's Golden Age, expansionism and becoming one of the largest European powers; to its collapse and partitions, two world wars, communism, and the restoration of democracy.
This is a timeline of Polish history, comprising important legal and territorial changes and political events in Poland and its predecessor states. To read about the background to these events, see History of Poland .
Although brief, the Napoleonic period occupies an important place in Polish history. Much of the legend and symbolism of modern Polish patriotism derives from this period, including the conviction that Polish independence is a necessary element of a just and legitimate European order.
Poland is a member of the European Union, NATO, and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Poland currently has a population of over 38 million people, [3] which makes it the 34th most populous country in the world [18] and one of the most populous members of the European Union.
King Sigismund II Augustus and Queen Barbara Radziwiłł in Vilnius by Jan Matejko. The Polish Golden Age (Polish: Złoty Wiek Polski [ˈzwɔ.tɘ ˈvjɛk ˈpɔl.ski] ⓘ) was the Renaissance period in the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, roughly corresponding to the period of the Jagiellonian dynasty (1386-1572).
Poland's Bronze- and Iron-Age cultures are known mainly from archeological research. Poland's Early Bronze Age cultures began around 2300-2400 BC, [4] whereas the Iron Age commenced c. 700-750 BC. [5] By the beginning of the Common Era, the Iron Age archeological cultures described in the main article no longer existed.
The city has hosted many crucial events in the history of Poland. It was the site of election of Polish kings , meeting of Polish parliament ( Sejm ), and events such as the Polish victory over the Bolsheviks at the Vistula , during the Battle of Warsaw (1920) .
The fragmentation of Poland in 1138. In 1102, Bolesław III Wrymouth became the ruler of Poland. [5] Unlike Władysław I, Bolesław III proved to be a capable leader who restored the full territorial integrity of Poland but ultimately was not able to obtain the royal crown due to continued opposition from the Holy Roman Empire.