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In linguistics, the syntax–semantics interface is the interaction between syntax and semantics. Its study encompasses phenomena that pertain to both syntax and semantics, with the goal of explaining correlations between form and meaning. [ 1 ]
In linguistics, syntax (/ ˈ s ɪ n t æ k s / SIN-taks) [1] [2] is the study of how words and morphemes combine to form larger units such as phrases and sentences.Central concerns of syntax include word order, grammatical relations, hierarchical sentence structure (constituency), [3] agreement, the nature of crosslinguistic variation, and the relationship between form and meaning ().
Since their introduction in the mid-1960s by Jeffrey Gruber and Charles Fillmore, [2] [3] semantic roles have been a core linguistic concept and ground of debate between linguist approaches, because of their potential in explaining the relationship between syntax and semantics (also known as the syntax-semantics interface), [3] that is how ...
Transformational grammar (1960s) Generative semantics (1970s) and Semantic Syntax (1990s) Phrase structure grammar (late 1970s) Generalized phrase structure grammar (late 1970s) Head-driven phrase structure grammar (1985) Principles and parameters grammar (Government and binding theory) (1980s) Lexical functional grammar; Categorial grammar ...
Semantics contrasts with syntax, which studies the rules that dictate how to create grammatically correct sentences, and pragmatics, which investigates how people use language in communication. Lexical semantics is the branch of semantics that studies word meaning.
In the ninth chapter titled "Syntax and Semantics", Chomsky reminds that his analysis so far has been "completely formal and non-semantic." [ 77 ] He then offers many counterexamples to refute some common linguistic assertions about grammar's reliance on meaning .
The grammatical relations belong to the level of surface syntax, whereas the thematic relations reside on a deeper semantic level. If, however, the correspondences across these levels are acknowledged, then the thematic relations can be seen as providing prototypical thematic traits for defining the grammatical relations.
Categorial grammar is a family of formalisms in natural language syntax that share the central assumption that syntactic constituents combine as functions and arguments. Categorial grammar posits a close relationship between the syntax and semantic composition , since it typically treats syntactic categories as corresponding to semantic types.
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