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  2. Electron configurations of the elements (data page) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_configurations_of...

    This book contains predicted electron configurations for the elements up to 172, as well as 184, based on relativistic Dirac–Fock calculations by B. Fricke in Fricke, B. (1975). Dunitz, J. D. (ed.). "Superheavy elements a prediction of their chemical and physical properties". Structure and Bonding. 21. Berlin: Springer-Verlag: 89– 144.

  3. Aufbau principle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aufbau_principle

    The rule then predicts the electron configuration 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 6 3d 9 4s 2, abbreviated [Ar] 3d 9 4s 2 where [Ar] denotes the configuration of argon, the preceding noble gas. However, the measured electron configuration of the copper atom is [Ar] 3d 10 4s 1. By filling the 3d subshell, copper can be in a lower energy state.

  4. Electron configuration - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_configuration

    In atomic physics and quantum chemistry, the electron configuration is the distribution of electrons of an atom or molecule (or other physical structure) in atomic or molecular orbitals. [1] For example, the electron configuration of the neon atom is 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 , meaning that the 1s, 2s, and 2p subshells are occupied by two, two, and six ...

  5. Electron affinity (data page) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_affinity_(data_page)

    Electron affinity can be defined in two equivalent ways. First, as the energy that is released by adding an electron to an isolated gaseous atom. The second (reverse) definition is that electron affinity is the energy required to remove an electron from a singly charged gaseous negative ion.

  6. Electronic specific heat - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_specific_heat

    Although the Drude model was fairly successful in describing the electron motion within metals, it has some erroneous aspects: it predicts the Hall coefficient with the wrong sign compared to experimental measurements, the assumed additional electronic heat capacity to the lattice heat capacity, namely per electron at elevated temperatures, is also inconsistent with experimental values, since ...

  7. Thermostat - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermostat

    A thermostat exerts control by switching heating or cooling devices on or off, or by regulating the flow of a heat transfer fluid as needed, to maintain the correct temperature. A thermostat can often be the main control unit for a heating or cooling system, in applications ranging from ambient air control to automotive coolant control.

  8. Electron shell - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_shell

    In chemistry and atomic physics, an electron shell may be thought of as an orbit that electrons follow around an atom's nucleus. The closest shell to the nucleus is called the "1 shell" (also called the "K shell"), followed by the "2 shell" (or "L shell"), then the "3 shell" (or "M shell"), and so on further and further from the nucleus.

  9. Cobalt-chrome - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cobalt-chrome

    Cobalt-chrome disc with dental bridges and crowns manufactured using WorkNC Dental. Cobalt-chrome or cobalt-chromium (CoCr) is a metal alloy of cobalt and chromium.Cobalt-chrome has a very high specific strength and is commonly used in gas turbines, dental implants, and orthopedic implants.