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Aniline (from Portuguese anil 'indigo shrub', and -ine indicating a derived substance) [6] is an organic compound with the formula C 6 H 5 NH 2. Consisting of a phenyl group ( −C 6 H 5 ) attached to an amino group ( −NH 2 ), aniline is the simplest aromatic amine .
N,N-Dimethylaniline (DMA) is an organic chemical compound, a substituted derivative of aniline. It is a tertiary amine, featuring a dimethylamino group attached to a phenyl group. This oily liquid is colourless when pure, but commercial samples are often yellow. It is an important precursor to dyes such as crystal violet.
Below is a laboratory synthesis of 4-nitroaniline from aniline. The key step in this reaction sequence is an electrophilic aromatic substitution to install the nitro group para to the amino group. The amino group can be easily protonated and become a meta director. Therefore, a protection of the acetyl group is required.
Steam distillation once was a popular laboratory method for purification of organic compounds, but it has been replaced in many such uses by vacuum distillation and supercritical fluid extraction. It is however much simpler and economical than those alternatives, and remains important in certain industrial sectors. [3]
Aniline is a benzenoid compound. The NH 2 group attached to the benzene ring means that there is a lone pair of electrons that can enter into conjugation with the benzene ring resulting in delocalization in the aniline. Aniline absorbs in the K (220 - 250 nm) and the B (250 - 290 nm) bands exhibited by benzenoid compounds.
4-Bromoaniline is a compound where an aniline molecule is substituted with a bromine atom on the para position. Commercially available, this compound may be used as a building block, e.g. in the preparation of monobrominated biphenyl via the Gomberg-Bachmann reaction. [2]
Another example is in the synthesis of antimalarials as aminoalkylamino derivatives of 2,3-dihydrofuroquinolines [9] These compounds are used as antimalarials. The Gould reaction is also used to convert 5-aminoindole to quinolines for the purpose of synthesizing pyrazolo[4,3- c ]pyrrolo[3,2- f ]quinolin-3-one derivatives as modified ...
Direct nitration of aniline is inefficient since anilinium is produced instead. Nitration of acetanilide gives only traces of 2-nitro isomer is obtained due to the great steric effect of the amide. Sulfonation is usually used to block the 4 position and increases the effectiveness to 56%. [3] [4] Laboratory routes to produce 2-nitroaniline