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Chlamydomonas species are widely distributed worldwide in soil and fresh water, of which Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is one of the most common and widespread. [1] C. reinhardtii is an especially well studied biological model organism , partly due to its ease of culturing and the ability to manipulate its genetics.
Chlamydomonas (/ ˌ k l æ m ɪ ˈ d ɒ m ə n ə s,-d ə ˈ m oʊ-/ KLAM-ih-DOM-ə-nəs, -də-MOH-) is a genus of green algae consisting of about 150 species [2] of unicellular flagellates, found in stagnant water and on damp soil, in freshwater, seawater, and even in snow as "snow algae". [3]
The D66 strain of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, a single-celled green alga, is a cell-wall-deficient strain of C. reinhardtii that exhibits normal photosynthetic characteristics, but requires ammonia as a source of nitrogen for growth. [1]
Protococcus C.Agardh, 1824 accepted as Chlamydomonas (synonym) Sphaerellopsis Korshikov, 1925 accepted as Vitreochlamys (synonym) [4] The family is known to be non-monophyletic, with clades not aligning to traditionally defined morphological groupings. [5]
Channelrhodopsin-1 (ChR1) and Channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) from the model organism Chlamydomonas reinhardtii are the first discovered channelrhodopsins. Variants that are sensitive to different colors of light or selective for specific ions (ACRs, KCRs) have been cloned from other species of algae and protists.
The name Chlamydomonas nivalis is of compound Greek and Latin origin. Chlamydomonas is ultimately derived from the Ancient Greek χλαμύς (khlamús, "cloak, mantle") and μονάς (monás, "solitary"), [8] while nivalis, from the Latin nivālis, translates to 'found growing in or near snow', as this species of algae are only found associated with snow or near snowy areas.
C. reinhardtii may refer to: Chlamydomonas reinhardtii , a freshwater alga used primarily as a model organism in biology Calabaria reinhardtii , the Calabar python, a nonvenomous snake species endemic to west and central Africa
Schematic representation of a Euglena cell with red eyespot (9) Schematic representation of a Chlamydomonas cell with chloroplast eyespot (4). The eyespot apparatus (or stigma) is a photoreceptive organelle found in the flagellate or (motile) cells of green algae and other unicellular photosynthetic organisms such as euglenids.