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Plastic deformation results in lost energy, which is uncharacteristic of a purely elastic material's reaction to a loading cycle. [1] Specifically, viscoelasticity is a molecular rearrangement. When a stress is applied to a viscoelastic material such as a polymer, parts of the long polymer chain change
The yield function is often expressed as an equation consisting of some invariant of stress and a model for the yield stress (or plastic flow stress). An example is von Mises or plasticity. In those situations the plastic strain rate is calculated in the same manner as in rate-independent plasticity.
The equations that govern the deformation of jointed rocks are the same as those used to describe the motion of a continuum: [13] ˙ + = ˙ = = ˙: + = where (,) is the mass density, ˙ is the material time derivative of , (,) = ˙ (,) is the particle velocity, is the particle displacement, ˙ is the material time derivative of , (,) is the Cauchy stress tensor, (,) is the body force density ...
They were originally called viscoelastic substances, or just viscoelastics. Their consistency allows the surgical instruments to move through them, but when there is low shear stress they do not flow, and retain their shape, preventing collapse of the anterior chamber. OVDs are available in several formulations which may be combined or used ...
The physical and mathematical formulation of the subject is built upon the mechanics of materials and continuum mechanics and focuses on computations involving elastic, viscoelastic, and plastic bodies in static or dynamic contact.
For non-Newtonian fluid's viscosity, there are pseudoplastic, plastic, and dilatant flows that are time-independent, and there are thixotropic and rheopectic flows that are time-dependent. Three well-known time-dependent non-newtonian fluids which can be identified by the defining authors are the Oldroyd-B model, [ 2 ] Walters’ Liquid B [ 3 ...
Cohesion is the component of shear strength of a rock or soil that is independent of interparticle friction. In soils, true cohesion is caused by following: Electrostatic forces in stiff overconsolidated clays (which may be lost through weathering) Cementing by Fe 2 O 3, Ca CO 3, Na Cl, etc. There can also be apparent cohesion. This is caused by:
Bingham plastic – Material which is solid at low stress but becomes viscous at high stress; Rheology – Study of the flow of matter, primarily in a fluid state; Kaye effect – Property of complex liquids; Time-dependent viscosity; Rheopecty: The longer the fluid is subjected to a shear strain, the higher the viscosity. Time-dependent shear ...