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  2. Equine intelligence - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equine_intelligence

    1860 engraving depicting the performing horse Marocco. A significant portion of medieval technical literature consists of treatises on veterinary care. [S 11] Arab and Muslim scholars made notable contributions to the knowledge of equine medicine, education, [5] and training, in part due to the contributions of the translator Ibn Akhî Hizâm, who wrote around 895, [6] and Ibn al-Awam, who ...

  3. Horse intelligence - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horse's_intelligence

    Engraving depicting the Marocco horse.. Most medieval technical literature consists of treatises on hippiatry, or veterinary care manuals. [S 11] Arab-Muslim civilization made a major contribution to knowledge of hippiatry, equine education, [5] and training, notably thanks to the translator Ibn Akhî Hizâm, who wrote around 895, [6] and Ibn al-Awam, who advocated the rejection of violence ...

  4. Clever Hans - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clever_Hans

    Clever Hans performing in 1904. Clever Hans (German: der Kluge Hans; c. 1895 – c. 1916) was a horse that appeared to perform arithmetic and other intellectual tasks.. In 1907, psychologist Oskar Pfungst demonstrated that the horse was not actually performing these mental tasks, but was watching the reactions of his trai

  5. Horse behavior - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horse_behavior

    Free-roaming mustangs (Utah, 2005). Horse behavior is best understood from the view that horses are prey animals with a well-developed fight-or-flight response.Their first reaction to a threat is often to flee, although sometimes they stand their ground and defend themselves or their offspring in cases where flight is untenable, such as when a foal would be threatened.

  6. Animal cognition - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal_cognition

    Spatial cognition is used in visual search when an animal or human searches their environment for specific objects to focus on among other objects in the environment. [72] Detour behaviour Some animals appear to have an advanced understanding of their spatial environment and will not take the most direct route if this confers an advantage to ...

  7. Personality in animals - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personality_in_animals

    Personality in animals has been investigated across a variety of different scientific fields including agricultural science, animal behaviour, anthropology, psychology, veterinary medicine, and zoology. [1] Thus, the definition for animal personality may vary according to the context and scope of study.

  8. Behavioral epigenetics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Behavioral_epigenetics

    Behavioral epigenetics is the field of study examining the role of epigenetics in shaping animal and human behavior. [1] It seeks to explain how nurture shapes nature, [2] where nature refers to biological heredity [3] and nurture refers to virtually everything that occurs during the life-span (e.g., social-experience, diet and nutrition, and exposure to toxins). [4]

  9. Personality (horse) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personality_(horse)

    Sired by Hail To Reason, the 1960 American Champion Two-Year-Old Colt, Personality was out of U.S. Racing Hall of Fame inductee Affectionately, a daughter of another Hall of Fame inductee, Swaps. Personality was raced in the salmon pink-and-green silks of Hirsch Jacobs' wife, Ethel. However, the Hall of Fame trainer died on February 23, 1970 ...