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As with nearly all Chinese blue and white porcelain, this was painted when leather-hard, and probably the spout and rings were added. In pottery, leather-hard is the condition of a clay or clay body when it has been partially dried to a consistency similar to leather of the same thickness as the clay. At this stage, the clay object has ...
At this stage the clay has between 20% and 25% moisture content. [41] This is the stage most commercial clays are sold at, and at which most of the shaping process is done. Leather-hard refers to a clay body that has been dried partially. At this stage the clay object has approximately 15% moisture content.
The process of burnishing pottery happens when the clay is in a “leather-hard” state. Leather-hard clay is partially dried clay that is in-between being malleable and being brittle. [2] It is important to wet the piece before burnishing because scratch marks will be present on the surface if the clay is too dry. [2]
A procedure for preparing clay or a clay body by hand: the lump of clay is repeatedly thrown down on a work bench; between each operation the lump is turned and sometimes cut through and rejoined in a different orientation. The object is to disperse the water more uniformly, to remove lamination and to remove air. Whiteware
Stourbridge clay mixed with water could withstand the highest heat of any lute. [7] Hard cement was also commonly used to join glass vessels and fix cracks; it was composed of resin, beeswax and either brick dust or "bole earth", or red ochre or venetian red. Soft cement, made of yellow wax, turpentine and venetian red, was also used for repair ...
In Exodus 5 (Parshat Shemot in the Torah), Moses and Aaron meet with the pharaoh and deliver God's message, "Let my people go". [1] The pharaoh not only refuses, but punishes the Israelites by telling his overseers, "Ye shall no more give the people straw to make brick, as heretofore: let them go and gather straw for themselves", but still requiring the same daily output of bricks as before. [2]
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Leather has played an important role in Judaism and in Jewish life. [1] Many items widely used by observant Jews are made from leather, such as: The Torah scrolls made from leather parchment it is a handwritten copy of the Torah or Pentateuch, the holiest book within Judaism. It must meet extremely strict standards of production;