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[65] [66] Another hypothesis is that glucose, being the only d-aldohexose that has all five hydroxy substituents in the equatorial position in the form of β-d-glucose, is more readily accessible to chemical reactions, [67]: 194, 199 for example, for esterification [68]: 363 or acetal formation. [69]
In chemistry, a hydroxy or hydroxyl group is a functional group with the chemical formula −OH and composed of one oxygen atom covalently bonded to one hydrogen atom. In organic chemistry , alcohols and carboxylic acids contain one or more hydroxy groups.
When necessary, the position of the hydroxyl group is indicated by a number between the alkane name and the -ol: propan-1-ol for CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 OH, propan-2-ol for CH 3 CH(OH)CH 3. If a higher priority group is present (such as an aldehyde , ketone , or carboxylic acid ), then the prefix hydroxy- is used, [ 19 ] e.g., as in 1-hydroxy-2 ...
CH 3 CH 2 OH . Parentheses are used to indicate multiple identical groups, indicating attachment to the nearest non-hydrogen atom on the left when appearing within a formula, or to the atom on the right when appearing at the start of a formula: (CH 3) 2 CHOH or CH(CH 3) 2 OH . In all cases, all atoms are shown, including hydrogen atoms.
This gives rise to a number of isomeric forms, all with the same chemical formula. For instance, galactose and glucose are both aldohexoses, but have different physical structures and chemical properties. The monosaccharide glucose plays a pivotal role in metabolism, where the chemical energy is extracted through glycolysis and the citric acid ...
A Haworth projection has the following characteristics: [3] Carbon is the implicit type of atom. In the example on the right, the atoms numbered from 1 to 6 are all carbon atoms. Carbon 1 is known as the anomeric carbon. Hydrogen atoms on carbon are implicit. In the example, atoms 1 to 6 have extra hydrogen atoms not depicted.
For example, ethanol may be represented by the condensed chemical formula CH 3 CH 2 OH, and dimethyl ether by the condensed formula CH 3 OCH 3. These two molecules have the same empirical and molecular formulae ( C 2 H 6 O ), but may be differentiated by the condensed formulae shown, which are sufficient to represent the full structure of these ...
The skeletal structure of an aldonic acid, gluconic acid (top), and its aldose, glucose (bottom). Aldonic acids are sugar acids with the general chemical formula, HO 2 C(CHOH) n CH 2 OH. They are obtained by oxidizing the aldehyde (-CHO group) of an aldose to form a carboxylic acid (-COOH group). [1] Aldonic acids are generally found in their ...