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In digital steganography, sensitive messages may be concealed by manipulating and storing information in the least significant bits of an image or a sound file.The user may later recover this information by extracting the least significant bits of the manipulated pixels to recover the original message.
The same image viewed by white, blue, green, and red lights reveals different hidden numbers. Steganography (/ ˌ s t ɛ ɡ ə ˈ n ɒ ɡ r ə f i / ⓘ STEG-ə-NOG-rə-fee) is the practice of representing information within another message or physical object, in such a manner that the presence of the concealed information would not be evident to an unsuspecting person's examination.
Yellow dots on white paper, produced by color laser printer (enlarged, dot diameter about 0.1 mm) Printer tracking dots, also known as printer steganography, DocuColor tracking dots, yellow dots, secret dots, or a machine identification code (MIC), is a digital watermark which many color laser printers and photocopiers produce on every printed page that identifies the specific device that was ...
Modifying the echo of a sound file (Echo Steganography). [8] Steganography for audio signals. [9] Image bit-plane complexity segmentation steganography; Including data in ignored sections of a file, such as after the logical end of the carrier file. [10] Adaptive steganography: Skin tone based steganography using a secret embedding angle. [11]
BPCS-steganography (Bit-Plane Complexity Segmentation steganography) is a type of digital steganography. Digital steganography can hide confidential data (i.e. secret files) very securely by embedding them into some media data called "vessel data." The vessel data is also referred to as "carrier, cover, or dummy data". In BPCS-steganography ...
Steganographic file systems are a kind of file system first proposed by Ross Anderson, Roger Needham, and Adi Shamir.Their paper proposed two main methods of hiding data: in a series of fixed size files originally consisting of random bits on top of which 'vectors' could be superimposed in such a way as to allow levels of security to decrypt all lower levels but not even know of the existence ...
Pre-processing: append the bit '1' to the message e.g. by adding 0x80 if message length is a multiple of 8 bits. append 0 ≤ k < 512 bits '0', such that the resulting message length in bits is congruent to −64 ≡ 448 (mod 512) append ml, the original message length in bits, as a 64-bit big-endian integer. Thus, the total length is a ...
Given a 6-bit input, the 4-bit output is found by selecting the row using the outer two bits, and the column using the inner four bits. For example, an input " 0 1101 1 " has outer bits " 01 " and inner bits "1101"; noting that the first row is "00" and the first column is "0000", the corresponding output for S-box S 5 would be "1001" (=9), the ...