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TORCH syndrome is a cluster of symptoms caused by congenital infection with toxoplasmosis, rubella, cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex, and other organisms including syphilis, parvovirus, and Varicella zoster. [1] Zika virus is considered the most recent member of TORCH infections. [2]
For many infections, the baby is more at risk at particular stages of pregnancy. Problems related to perinatal infection are not always directly noticeable. [citation needed] Apart from infecting the fetus, transplacental pathogens may cause placentitis (inflammation of the placenta) and/or chorioamnionitis (inflammation of the fetal membranes).
Infections in pregnancy also raise particular concerns about whether or not to use drugs in pregnancy (that is, antibiotics or antivirals) to treat them. For example, pregnant women who contract H1N1 influenza infection are recommended to receive antiviral therapy with either oseltamivir (which is the preferred medication) or zanamivir. [11]
For many infections, the baby is more at risk at particular stages of pregnancy. Problems related to perinatal infection are not always directly noticeable. [citation needed] The term TORCH complex refers to a set of several different infections that may be caused by transplacental infection: T - Toxoplasmosis
Toxoplasmosis: TORCH infection due to Toxoplasma gondii parasite. Condition is commonly associated with undercooked meat or contact with cat feces. Symptoms of this disease include seizures, hydrocephalus, and chorioretinitis. Cytomegalovirus: viral TORCH infection associated with sensorineural hearing loss, hepatomegaly, and jaundice.
Congenital syphilis is syphilis that occurs when a mother with untreated syphilis passes the infection to her baby during pregnancy or at birth. [4] It may present in the fetus , infant , or later. [ 1 ] [ 5 ] Clinical features vary and differ between early onset, that is presentation before 2-years of age, and late onset, presentation after ...
Infectious villi there is both maternal and foetal infection. VUE is more common than infectious villitis; Infectious villitis is present in approximately 1–4 births per 1000 births. VUE is present in approximately 76–136 births per 1000 births. VUE occurs in the term placenta, in the late third trimester of pregnancy.
Infection during early pregnancy may result in a miscarriage or a child born with congenital rubella syndrome (CRS). [3] Symptoms of CRS manifest as problems with the eyes such as cataracts, deafness, as well as affecting the heart and brain. [3] Problems are rare after the 20th week of pregnancy. [3]