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Maximum Demand Indicator (MDI) is an instrument for measuring the maximum amount [clarification needed] of electrical energy required by a specific consumer during a given period of time. [1] MDI instruments record the base load requirement of electrical energy .
IEC 62094 Indicator light units for household and similar fixed-electrical installations IEC TR 62095 Electric cables – Calculations for current ratings – Finite element method IEC TR 62096 Nuclear power plants – Instrumentation and control important to safety – Guidance for the decision on modernization
Since electrical energy is a form of energy that cannot be effectively stored in bulk, it must be generated, distributed, and consumed immediately. When the load on a system approaches the maximum generating capacity, network operators must either find additional supplies of energy or find ways to curtail the load, hence load management.
For example, for large customers (commercial, industrial or mixed of commercial/residential), the peak demand charge is based on the highest 30 minutes electricity consumption in a month; the energy charge is based on a month electricity consumption. This type of demand tariff is gradually introduced to residential households and will be rolled ...
In electrical engineering the load factor is defined as the average load divided by the peak load in a specified time period. [1] It is a measure of the utilization rate, or efficiency of electrical energy usage; a high load factor indicates that load is using the electric system more efficiently, whereas consumers or generators that underutilize the electric distribution will have a low load ...
The base load [2] (also baseload) is the minimum level of demand on an electrical grid over a span of time, for example, one week. This demand can be met by unvarying power plants [ 3 ] or dispatchable generation , [ 4 ] depending on which approach has the best mix of cost, availability and reliability in any particular market.
A clothes dryer using a demand response switch to reduce peak demand Daily load diagram; Blue shows real load usage and green shows ideal load.. Demand response is a change in the power consumption of an electric utility customer to better match the demand for power with the supply. [1]
Governments of many countries mandated performance of various programs for demand management. An early example is the National Energy Conservation Policy Act of 1978 in the U.S., preceded by similar actions in California and Wisconsin. Demand-side management was introduced publicly by Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) in the 1980s. [8]