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Calcium channel blockers (CCB), calcium channel antagonists or calcium antagonists [2] are a group of medications that disrupt the movement of calcium (Ca 2+ ) through calcium channels . [ 3 ] Calcium channel blockers are used as antihypertensive drugs , i.e., as medications to decrease blood pressure in patients with hypertension .
L-type calcium channel blockers are used to treat hypertension. In most areas of the body, depolarization is mediated by sodium influx into a cell; changing the calcium permeability has little effect on action potentials. However, in many smooth muscle tissues, depolarization is mediated primarily by calcium influx into the cell.
ATC code C08 Calcium channel blockers is a therapeutic subgroup of the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System, a system of alphanumeric codes developed by the World Health Organization (WHO) for the classification of drugs and other medical products. [1] [2] [3] Subgroup C08 is part of the anatomical group C Cardiovascular system ...
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Cardiovascular agents are drugs that affect the rate and intensity of cardiac contraction, blood vessel diameters, blood volume, blood clotting and blood cholesterol levels. [1] They are indicated to treat diseases related to the heart or the vascular system (blood vessels), such as hypertension , hyperlipidemia , coagulation disorders , heart ...
Class IV agents are slow non-dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers. They decrease conduction through the AV node , and shorten phase two (the plateau) of the cardiac action potential . They thus reduce the contractility of the heart, so may be inappropriate in heart failure.
Non-dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers such as verapamil block the slow inward calcium current in cardiac tissues, thereby having a negatively dromotropic, chronotropic and inotropic effect. [5] This (and other) pharmacological effect makes these drugs useful in the treatment of angina pectoris.
Calcium channel blockers like verapamil dilate the coronary blood vessels, which increases the supply of blood and oxygen to the heart. They also cause dilatation of systemic peripheral vessels as well, causing a reduction in the workload of the heart. Thereby reducing myocardial oxygen consumption. [4]