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Vitreomacular traction syndrome (VTS) is a medical condition in the eye that is the result of tractional forces (pulling) being placed on the retina. [1] [2] VTS is common in people who have an incomplete posterior vitreous detachment, a type of retinal detachment at the periphery of the retina. [1]
It travels up the leg and medial side of the thigh to reach the groin, where it drains into the common femoral vein. [32] Along the length of the GSV, it [clarification needed] receives numerous tributaries (from the subcutaneous layer) and drains into the deep veins via the perforator veins. The "eye sign"
Epiretinal membrane or macular pucker is a disease of the eye in response to changes in the vitreous humor or more rarely, diabetes.Sometimes, as a result of immune system response to protect the retina, cells converge in the macular area as the vitreous ages and pulls away in posterior vitreous detachment (PVD).
Lower extremity varicose veins is the condition in which the superficial veins become tortuous (snakelike) and dilated (enlarged) to greater than 3 mm (0.12 in) in the upright position. [24] Incompetent or faulty valves are often present in these veins when investigated with duplex ultrasonography .
Chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) is a medical condition characterized by blood pooling in the veins, leading to increased pressure and strain on the vein walls. [1] The most common cause of CVI is superficial venous reflux, which often results in the formation of varicose veins, a treatable condition. [2]
Telangiectasia in the legs is often related to the presence of venous reflux within underlying varicose veins. Flow abnormalities in smaller veins known as reticular veins or feeder veins under the skin can also cause spider veins to form, thereby making a recurrence of spider veins in the treated area less likely.
In general, branch retinal vein occlusion has a good prognosis: after 1 year 50–60% of eyes have been reported to have a final visual acuity of 20/40 or better even without any treatment. With time the dramatic picture of an acute branch retinal vein occlusion becomes more subtle, hemorrhages fade so that the retina can look almost normal.
Sclerotherapy is one method for the treatment of spider veins, varicose veins (which are also often treated with surgery, radiofrequency, and laser ablation), and venous malformations. In ultrasound -guided sclerotherapy, ultrasound is used to visualize the underlying vein so the physician can deliver and monitor the injection.