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He became 13th chief of Glengarry in 1754, died unmarried in 1761, and was succeeded by his nephew Duncan. His espionage career remained carefully guarded government secret until 1897, when Scottish historian Andrew Lang confirmed Glengarry's secret identity as " Pickle the Spy ".
The difference between a feudal barony and a barony by writ is not a clear distinction since barons had been summoned for council before the parliaments of that later 13th century. [9] Barons who attended the Curia Regis of 1237 were undoubtedly equal in rank to the ones later summoned to the parliaments of 1246 and beyond.
During the 13th and 14th centuries, the Mongols relied heavily on espionage in their conquests in Asia and Europe. Feudal Japan often used shinobi to gather intelligence. A significant milestone was the establishment of an effective intelligence service under King David IV of Georgia at the beginning of the 12th century or possibly even earlier.
For much of the Middle Ages, England's climate differed from that in the 21st century. Between the 9th and 13th centuries England went through the Medieval Warm Period, a prolonged period of warmer temperatures; in the early 13th century, for example, summers were around 1 °C warmer than today and the climate was slightly drier. [236]
John (24 December 1166 – 19 October 1216) was King of England from 1199 until his death in 1216. He lost the Duchy of Normandy and most of his other French lands to King Philip II of France, resulting in the collapse of the Angevin Empire and contributing to the subsequent growth in power of the French Capetian dynasty during the 13th century.
The history of England during the Late Middle Ages covers from the thirteenth century, the end of the Angevins, and the accession of Henry II – considered by many to mark the start of the Plantagenet dynasty – until the accession to the throne of the Tudor dynasty in 1485, which is often taken as the most convenient marker for the end of the Middle Ages and the start of the English ...
In the 13th century, the anxieties created by darkness gave rise to rules about who could use the streets after dark and the formation of a night watch to enforce them. These rules had for long been underpinned in London and other towns by the curfew , the time (announced by the ringing of a bell) at which the gates closed and the streets were ...
Pages in category "13th century in England" The following 57 pages are in this category, out of 57 total. This list may not reflect recent changes. .