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Tivoli Gardens was developed in West Kingston, Jamaica, between 1963 [3] and 1965 [4] by demolishing and redeveloping the area of the Rastafarian settlement Back-O-Wall. [5] The area was notorious in the 1950s as the worst slum in the Caribbean, where "three communal standpipes and two public bathrooms served a population of well over 5,000 people."
Slum clearance is still practiced today in a number of different situations. During major international events like conferences and sporting competitions, governments have been known to forcefully clear low-income housing areas as a strategy to impress international visitors and reduce the visibility of the host cities' apparent poverty. [ 3 ]
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Additionally, because of the tenuous legal status of slum inhabitants, often strategies include the legalization of the right to the land on which slums are built. The concept of slum upgrading is to remove slums altogether by demolition undertaken by government or other organisations and companies [dubious – discuss], since the mid-20th century.
The Emergency Relief and Construction Act of 1932 approved slum clearance loans and new low-rent housing, yet New York City was the only place where development occurred under the act. In 1933, the act was replaced with the National Industrial Recovery Act which focused on slum clearance and home construction for low-income families and ...
The Slum Areas (Improvement and Clearance Act) of 1956 provided "for the improvement and clearance of slum areas in certain Union territories and for the protection of tenants in such areas from eviction". [1] The first Slum Clearance Board was established by Tamil Nadu, the most urbanised state in India. Under a new Slum Clearance Act, the ...
The Artisans' and Labourers' Dwellings Improvement Act 1875 (38 & 39 Vict. c. 36) or the Cross Act was an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom designed by Richard Cross, Home Secretary during Prime Minister Benjamin Disraeli's second Conservative Government, which involved allowing local councils to buy up areas of slum dwellings in order to clear and then rebuild them.
The Sub-Mission for Integrated Housing and Slum Development Programme (IHSDP) administered by Ministry of Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation was envisaged and brought into effect in 1993–94 in accordance with providing the entire population with safe and adequate water supply facilities. The program is mainly implemented in towns with ...