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African-Americans have been the victims of oppression, discrimination and persecution throughout American history, with an impact on African-American innovation according to a 2014 study by economist Lisa D. Cook, which linked violence towards African-Americans and lack of legal protections over the period from 1870 to 1940 with lowered innovation. [1]
Richard Bowie Spikes (October 2, 1878 – January 22, 1963) was an African-American inventor who held several United States patents. He is credited with developing and improving inventions such as a beer tap, a modification of an automatic gear shift mechanism for motor vehicles, and a safety braking system for trucks and buses.
Judy Woodford Reed (c. 1826 – c. 1905) [1] was an African-American woman alive during the 1880s, whose only records are a US patent and censuses. Reed, from Virginia, is considered the first African American woman to receive a US patent. Patent No. 305,474 for a "Dough Kneader and Roller" was granted September 23, 1884. The patent was for an ...
Little has been recorded about Eglin's early life, which was a common theme among many early Black women inventors. Ellen F. Eglin was born in the state of Maryland in February 1836, according to the 1880 census. At some time, she and her family moved to Washington, D.C., where Eglin made her living as a housekeeper and a government employee ...
Thomas L. Jennings (c. 1791 – February 12, 1859) was an African-American inventor, tradesman, entrepreneur, and abolitionist in New York City, New York.He has the distinction of being the first African-American patent-holder in history; he was granted the patent in 1821 for his novel method of dry cleaning. [1]
Thomas Elkins (1818 – August 10, 1900) [1] was an African-American dentist, abolitionist, surgeon, pharmacist, and inventor. He lived in Albany, New York, for most of his life, but travelled during his service as the medical examiner of the 54th and 55th Massachusetts infantries and visited Liberia. Notable inventions include patented ...
Miriam Elizabeth Benjamin (September 16, 1861 – 1947) was an American schoolteacher and inventor. In 1888, she obtained a patent for the Gong and Signal Chair for Hotels, becoming the second African-American woman to receive a patent.
Benjamin Boardley (March 1830 – 1904) was an American engineer and inventor. Benjamin's correct surname was Boardley, [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] but since 1859 when the African Repository published an article wrongly spelling Benjamin's surname as Bradley, authors have written about him with the incorrect surname.