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The term "histogram" was first introduced by Karl Pearson, the founder of mathematical statistics, in lectures delivered in 1892 at University College London.Pearson's term is sometimes incorrectly said to combine the Greek root γραμμα (gramma) = "figure" or "drawing" with the root ἱστορία (historia) = "inquiry" or "history".
Considerations of the shape of a distribution arise in statistical data analysis, where simple quantitative descriptive statistics and plotting techniques such as histograms can lead on to the selection of a particular family of distributions for modelling purposes. The normal distribution, often called the "bell curve" Exponential distribution
Kernel density estimation of 100 normally distributed random numbers using different smoothing bandwidths. In statistics, kernel density estimation (KDE) is the application of kernel smoothing for probability density estimation, i.e., a non-parametric method to estimate the probability density function of a random variable based on kernels as ...
Whereas statistics and data analysis procedures generally yield their output in numeric or tabular form, graphical techniques allow such results to be displayed in some sort of pictorial form. They include plots such as scatter plots, histograms, probability plots, spaghetti plots, residual plots, box plots, block plots and biplots. [1]
Sturges's rule [1] is a method to choose the number of bins for a histogram.Given observations, Sturges's rule suggests using ^ = + bins in the histogram. This rule is widely employed in data analysis software including Python [2] and R, where it is the default bin selection method.
A histogram is a representation of tabulated frequencies, shown as adjacent rectangles or squares (in some of situations), erected over discrete intervals (bins), with an area proportional to the frequency of the observations in the interval. The height of a rectangle is also equal to the frequency density of the interval, i.e., the frequency ...
In statistics, the Freedman–Diaconis rule can be used to select the width of the bins to be used in a histogram. [1] It is named after David A. Freedman and Persi Diaconis .
Scott's rule is a method to select the number of bins in a histogram. [1] Scott's rule is widely employed in data analysis software including R , [ 2 ] Python [ 3 ] and Microsoft Excel where it is the default bin selection method.