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In aerodynamics, aerodynamic drag, also known as air resistance, is the fluid drag force that acts on any moving solid body in the direction of the air's freestream flow. [ 22 ] From the body's perspective (near-field approach), the drag results from forces due to pressure distributions over the body surface, symbolized D p r {\displaystyle D ...
Graph of velocity versus time of a skydiver reaching a terminal velocity. Based on air resistance, for example, the terminal speed of a skydiver in a belly-to-earth (i.e., face down) free fall position is about 55 m/s (180 ft/s). [3]
This term dominates the low-speed side of the graph of lift versus velocity. Drag curve for light aircraft. The tangent gives the maximum L/D point. Form drag is caused by movement of the body through air. This type of drag, known also as air resistance or profile drag varies with the square of speed (see drag equation). For this reason profile ...
This airspeed (vertical line) corresponds to the tangent point of a line starting from the origin of the graph. A glider flying faster or slower than this airspeed will cover less distance before landing. [14] [13] A graph showing the sink rate of an aircraft (typically a glider) against its airspeed is known as a polar curve. [14]
Drag coefficients in fluids with Reynolds number approximately 10 4 [1] [2] Shapes are depicted with the same projected frontal area. In fluid dynamics, the drag coefficient (commonly denoted as: , or ) is a dimensionless quantity that is used to quantify the drag or resistance of an object in a fluid environment, such as air or water.
Generally, in Earth's atmosphere, all results below will therefore be quite inaccurate after only 5 seconds of fall (at which time an object's velocity will be a little less than the vacuum value of 49 m/s (9.8 m/s 2 × 5 s) due to air resistance). Air resistance induces a drag force on any body that falls through any atmosphere other than a ...
Since the velocity of the object is the derivative of the position graph, the area under the line in the velocity vs. time graph is the displacement of the object. (Velocity is on the y-axis and time on the x-axis. Multiplying the velocity by the time, the time cancels out, and only displacement remains.)
is the drag force, which is by definition the force component in the direction of the flow velocity, ρ {\displaystyle \rho } is the mass density of the fluid, [ 1 ] u {\displaystyle u} is the flow velocity relative to the object,