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Fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas), also known as fathead or tuffy, is a species of temperate freshwater fish belonging to the genus Pimephales of the cyprinid family. The natural geographic range extends throughout much of North America, from central Canada south along the Rockies to Texas, and east to Virginia and the Northeastern United States. [2]
Native to Colorado. They inhabit small streams, ponds, and lakes and are very tolerant of most types of water clarity and pH levels. Fathead minnows will eat organic debris, aquatic insects and zooplankton in their daily diet. Fathead minnows can grow up to 4 inches in length but will usually range between 2–3 inches. [10] LC
Generally, minnows breed with the slightest rainfall and within a wide temperature range. Contrary to the long-standing presumptions, climate change poses 'negligible' threat to minnows' reproduction. Minnows are also flexible in attaining pre-spawning fitness, which makes them avoid 'skipped spawning' decisions while facing climatic variabilities.
They eat small Invertebrates, algae, insect larvae, and occasionally their own eggs. They are also preyed upon by smallmouth bass and northern pike. [3] Feeding time is usually dawn and sunset. The brook stickleback does have active competition mostly from minnows, but feeding times are different, along with diet. [4] Spawning occurs in midsummer.
Bluntnose minnows can be found in lakes, rivers, ponds and streams, showing a preference for shallow, clear water with a sandy bottom. [4] Their habitats range from headwater bogs, swamps, and springs to rivers, ponds, and lakes. Sometimes, up to a dozen species of minnows can be found in a single stream of moderate size.
Like other minnows, golden shiners are sensitive to the release of an alarm substance, or schreckstoff, contained within special skin cells. If a predator catches and bites into a minnow, the skin is broken, the substance is released, and other minnows in the vicinity can detect the substance and react to it by leaving the area.
Cyprinidae is a family of freshwater fish commonly called the carp or minnow family, including the carps, the true minnows, and their relatives the barbs and barbels, among others.
Pimephales, commonly known as the bluntnose minnows (a term used locally to refer to Pimephales notatus specifically), is a genus of cyprinid fish found in North America. All of the four species are small fish, with P. notatus being the largest at 11 cm. (about 4.3 in.) These minnows can be found all over North America and are commonly used as ...