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Height above average terrain (HAAT), or (less popularly) effective height above average terrain (EHAAT), is the vertical position of an antenna site above the surrounding landscape. HAAT is used extensively in FM radio and television , as it is more important than effective radiated power (ERP) in determining the range of broadcasts ( VHF and ...
The discone antenna has a useful frequency range of at least 10 to 1. [2] [3] When employed as a transmitting antenna, a properly constructed discone is just as efficient as an antenna designed for a more limited frequency range. The extra bandwidth comes from the controlled taper and large termination radius of the cone.
The vertical plane is used to plot an antenna's relative field strength perpendicular to the ground (which directly affects a station's coverage area) on a polar graph. Normally, the maximum of 1.000 or 0 dB is at the side (unless there is beam tilt), which is labeled 0°, to 90° at the top and −90° at the bottom.
At least 1 ⁄ 4 of the wavelength of feedline must be at 90° angle to the antenna. [3] It is also possible to feed the antenna asymmetrically. [ 5 ] Due to the low-angle radiation pattern this antenna has, it performs well for long distance contacts (QSOs) (DX).
An inverted vee antenna is a type of antenna similar to a horizontal dipole, but with the two sides bent down towards the ground, typically creating a 120- or 90-degree angle between the dipole legs. It is typically used in areas of limited space as it can significantly reduce the ground foot print of the antenna without significantly impacting ...
The Adcock antenna is an antenna array consisting of four equidistant vertical elements which can be used to transmit or receive directional radio waves. The Adcock array was invented and patented by British engineer Frank Adcock and since his August 1919 British Patent No. 130,490, the 'Adcock Aerial' has been used for a variety of ...
Often random wire antennas are also (inaccurately) referred to as long-wire antennas.There is no accepted minimum size, but actual long-wire antennas must be greater than at least a quarter-wavelength ( 1 / 4 λ) or perhaps greater than a half ( 1 / 2 λ) at the frequency the long wire antenna is used for, and even a half-wave may only be considered "long-ish" rather than "truly ...
An antenna such as the one described above is usable for both local and medium-long-distance communication across a frequency range of about 1:6 . For example, an antenna for the lower portion of shortwave (say, 3–18 MHz) will be roughly 33 m (110 feet) long, with conductors spaced 1 m (3.3 feet). For the higher portion of shortwave (5–30 ...