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The romanization of Arabic is the systematic rendering of written and spoken Arabic in the Latin script.Romanized Arabic is used for various purposes, among them transcription of names and titles, cataloging Arabic language works, language education when used instead of or alongside the Arabic script, and representation of the language in scientific publications by linguists.
Latinisation (or Latinization) [1] of names, also known as onomastic Latinisation (or onomastic Latinization), is the practice of rendering a non-Latin name in a modern Latin style. [1] It is commonly found with historical proper names , including personal names and toponyms , and in the standard binomial nomenclature of the life sciences.
The distinguishing characteristic of a gens was the nomen gentilicium, or gentile name. Every member of a gens, whether by birth or adoption , bore this name. All nomina were based on other nouns, such as personal names , occupations, physical characteristics or behaviors, or locations.
In the following list, "I" and "J" are treated as separate letters, as are "U" and "V". The letter "K" was rare in Latin, and the few nomina occasionally spelled with this letter were usually spelled with "C". No Roman gentes began with "X", and the letters "Y" and "Z" occurred only in names borrowed from Greek.
When Lushootseed names were integrated into English, they were often recorded and pronounced very differently. An example of this is Chief Seattle. The name Seattle is an anglicisation of the modern Duwamish conventional spelling Si'ahl, equivalent to the modern Lushootseed spelling siʔaɫ Salishan pronunciation: [ˈsiʔaːɬ].
Over a thousand characters from the Latin script are encoded in the Unicode Standard, grouped in several basic and extended Latin blocks.The extended ranges contain mainly precomposed letters plus diacritics that are equivalently encoded with combining diacritics, as well as some ligatures and distinct letters, used for example in the orthographies of various African languages (including click ...
The Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules require catalogers to romanize access points from their non-Roman originals. [2] However, as the MARC standards have been expanded to allow records containing Unicode characters, [ 3 ] [ 4 ] many cataloguers now include bibliographic data in both Roman and original scripts.
English approximation Arabic letter/symbol Usual romanization Letter name A–B a [a] cat in British English, only approx. in American English, could also be realised as [æ] َ a, á, e فَتْحَة (fatḥah) aː [b] not exact, longer far, could also be realised as [æː] ـَا (ى at word end) ā, â, aa, a أَلِف (ʾalif)