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High-intensity discharge lamps (HID lamps) are a type of electrical gas-discharge lamp which produces light by means of an electric arc between tungsten electrodes housed inside a translucent or transparent fused quartz or fused alumina arc tube. [1] This tube is filled with noble gas and often also contains suitable metal or metal salts.
A set of modern LED flashlights. A flashlight or electric torch (Commonwealth English), usually shortened to torch, is a portable hand-held electric lamp.Formerly, the light source typically was a miniature incandescent light bulb, but these have been displaced by light-emitting diodes (LEDs) since the early 2000s.
The user repeatedly squeezes a handle to spin a flywheel inside the flashlight, attached to a small generator/dynamo, supplying electric current to an incandescent bulb or light-emitting diode. The flashlight must be pumped continuously during use, with the flywheel turning the generator between squeezes to keep the light going continuously.
A photograph showing two Fulton MX-991/U Flashlights, next to an unofficial reproduction and a standard angle-head flashlight. The MX-991/U Flashlight (aka GI Flashlight, Army flashlight, or Moonbeam [1]) from the TL-122 military flashlight series of 1937-1944 and is a development of the MX-99/U flashlight issued in 1963 [clarification needed].
HID projector low beam headlamp illuminated on a Lincoln MKS. High-intensity discharge lamps (HID) produce light with an electric arc rather than a glowing filament. The high intensity of the arc comes from metallic salts that are vaporized within the arc chamber. These lamps have a higher efficacy than tungsten lamps.
Common devices such as keyboards and mice send reports that are compliant with standards set by the USB Implementers Forum (USB-IF). [8] When a vendor makes a custom USB HID class device, the reports formed by the device need to match the report description given during enumeration and the driver installed on the host system.
The HID standard was adopted primarily to enable innovation in PC input devices and to simplify the process of installing such devices. Prior to the introduction of the HID concept, devices usually conformed to strictly defined protocols for mouse, keyboards and joysticks; for example, the standard mouse protocol at the time supported relative X- and Y-axis data and binary input for up to two ...
This spectral region can contain about 10% of the total emitted light. [citation needed] Light intensity ranges from 20,000 to 500,000 cd/cm 2. An example is the "XBO lamp", which is an OSRAM trade name for a pure xenon short-arc lamp. [11] For some applications, such as endoscopy and dental technology, light guide systems are included.