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The Livonian War (1558–1583) concerned control of Old Livonia (in the territory of present-day Estonia and Latvia). The Tsardom of Russia faced a varying coalition of the Dano-Norwegian Realm , the Kingdom of Sweden , and the Union (later Commonwealth ) of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Kingdom of Poland .
Combatant 1 Combatant 2 Results 1558–1583 [1] Livonian War [1] Russian invasion of Livonia (1558–1560) [2] Lithuanian–Muscovite war (1562–1570) Truce 1570–1576; Livonian campaign of Stephen Báthory (1577–1582) [3] Livonian Confederation (1558–61, Lithuanian protectorate since 1559 [2]) Grand Duchy of Lithuania (1559–61, 1562 ...
Russian casualties were substantial, [3] [15] and among the captives, there were several high-ranking boyars. [3] Livonian reports of the Russian casualties were inflated, [5] with the official proclamation "Moscouische Niderlag, und Belegerung der Statt Wenden" (Nürnberg, 1579) and the Livonian Chronicle of Balthasar Russow claiming that the ...
Conclusion of the Treaty of Pozvol in 1557. Painting by Maurycy Gottlieb, 1874.. The Treaty or Peace of Pozvol, Pasvalys or Pozwol was a peace treaty and an alliance concluded on 5 and 14 September 1557 between the Livonian Confederation and the Polish-Lithuanian union, whereby the former put its territories under Polish-Lithuanian protection. [1]
The Livonian campaign of Stephen Báthory (also referred to as the Russo-Polish War) [3] took place in the final stage of the Livonian War, between 1577 and 1582. Polish–Lithuanian forces led by Stephen Báthory successfully fought against the army of Russian tsar Ivan IV ("the Terrible") over the Duchy of Livonia and Polotsk .
On 6 July, the new king Magnus of Livonia departed from Moscow with 20,000 Russian soldiers for the conquest of Swedish-controlled Reval. [1] Ivan's hope for the support of King Frederick II of Denmark, the older brother of Magnus, failed. By the end of March 1571, Magnus gave up the struggle for Reval and abandoned the siege. [3]
The Treaty, Truce or Second Peace of Novgorod was concluded in March 1557. It ended the Russo-Swedish War (1554–1557) , a series of skirmishes in the Viborg and Oreshek areas resulting from Swedish attempts to keep Livonia , where the Teutonic Order 's rule had collapsed, out of the Russian sphere of influence.
During the Livonian War, Livonia was invaded by the Russian army of Tsar Ivan IV.After defeat in the Battle of Ergeme in 1560, the weakened Livonian Order was dissolved, and the Duchy of Livonia and Duchy of Courland and Semigallia were ceded to the Grand Duchy of Lithuania according to the Treaty of Vilnius (1561).
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