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A Brauer chain or star addition chain is an addition chain in which each of the sums used to calculate its numbers uses the immediately previous number. A Brauer number is a number for which a Brauer chain is optimal. [5] Brauer proved that l * (2 n −1) ≤ n − 1 + l * (n) where is the length of the shortest star chain. [7]
Statistical Football prediction is a method used in sports betting, to predict the outcome of football matches by means of statistical tools. The goal of statistical match prediction is to outperform the predictions of bookmakers [citation needed] [dubious – discuss], who use them to set odds on the outcome of football matches.
An addition-subtraction chain for n, of length L, is an addition-subtraction chain such that =. That is, one can thereby compute n by L additions and/or subtractions. (Note that n need not be positive. In this case, one may also include a −1 = 0 in the sequence, so that n = −1 can be obtained by a chain of length 1.)
Conway chained arrow notation, created by mathematician John Horton Conway, is a means of expressing certain extremely large numbers. [1] It is simply a finite sequence of positive integers separated by rightward arrows, e.g. .
On a single-step or immediate-execution calculator, the user presses a key for each operation, calculating all the intermediate results, before the final value is shown. [1] [2] [3] On an expression or formula calculator, one types in an expression and then presses a key, such as "=" or "Enter", to evaluate the expression.
In probability theory and statistics, a Markov chain or Markov process is a ... total value of the coins on the table, ... of random variables X 1, X 2, X 3, ...
The first column sum is the probability that x =0 and y equals any of the values it can have – that is, the column sum 6/9 is the marginal probability that x=0. If we want to find the probability that y=0 given that x=0, we compute the fraction of the probabilities in the x=0 column that have the value y=0, which is 4/9 ÷
V-statistics are closely related to U-statistics [2] [3] (U for "unbiased") introduced by Wassily Hoeffding in 1948. [4] A V-statistic is a statistical function (of a sample) defined by a particular statistical functional of a probability distribution.