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In mathematics, a self-similar object is exactly or approximately similar to a part of itself (i.e., the whole has the same shape as one or more of the parts). Many objects in the real world, such as coastlines , are statistically self-similar: parts of them show the same statistical properties at many scales. [ 2 ]
The normal self-similar solution is also referred to as a self-similar solution of the first kind, since another type of self-similar exists for finite-sized problems, which cannot be derived from dimensional analysis, known as a self-similar solution of the second kind.
The Tweedie convergence theorem can be used to explain the origin of the variance to mean power law, 1/f noise and multifractality, features associated with self-similar processes. [9] Ethernet traffic data is often self-similar. [5] Empirical studies of measured traffic traces have led to the wide recognition of self-similarity in network ...
Self-similarity, which may include: Exact self-similarity: identical at all scales, such as the Koch snowflake; Quasi self-similarity: approximates the same pattern at different scales; may contain small copies of the entire fractal in distorted and degenerate forms; e.g., the Mandelbrot set's satellites are approximations of the entire set ...
A self-similar subset of a metric space (X, d) is a set K for which there exists a finite set of similitudes { f s} s∈S with contraction factors 0 ≤ r s < 1 such that K is the unique compact subset of X for which A self-similar set constructed with two similitudes: ′ = [(+) +] ′ = [(+) +] =.
An object whose irregularity is constant over different scales ("self-similarity") is a fractal (examples include the Menger sponge, the Sierpiński gasket, and the Koch curve or snowflake, which is infinitely long yet encloses a finite space and has a fractal dimension of circa 1.2619).
Symmetry in physics has been generalized to mean invariance—that is, lack of change—under any kind of transformation, for example arbitrary coordinate transformations. [17] This concept has become one of the most powerful tools of theoretical physics, as it has become evident that practically all laws of nature originate in symmetries.
Originally constructed as a curve, this is one of the basic examples of self-similar sets—that is, it is a mathematically generated pattern reproducible at any magnification or reduction. It is named after the Polish mathematician Wacław Sierpiński but appeared as a decorative pattern many centuries before the work of Sierpiński.