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This version of Phenomena is often referred to as the "integral cut". [24] A shorter version of the film was prepared for international release that had a 110-minute running time. [24] This version of the film only cuts out minor material from the "integral cut" with most being a few frames at the end and beginning of shots. [24]
One-loop diagrams are usually computed as the integral over one independent momentum that can "run in the cycle". The Casimir effect , Hawking radiation and Lamb shift are examples of phenomena whose existence can be implied using one-loop Feynman diagrams, especially the well-known "triangle diagram":
In physics, an ultraviolet divergence or UV divergence is a situation in which an integral, for example a Feynman diagram, diverges because of contributions of objects with unbounded energy, or, equivalently, because of physical phenomena at infinitesimal distances.
QED was designed to be a popular science book, written in a witty style, and containing just enough quantum-mechanical mathematics to allow the solving of very basic problems in quantum electrodynamics by an educated lay audience. It is unusual for a popular science book in the level of mathematical detail it goes into, actually allowing the ...
You are free: to share – to copy, distribute and transmit the work; to remix – to adapt the work; Under the following conditions: attribution – You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made.
Schwinger parametrization is a technique for evaluating loop integrals which arise from Feynman diagrams with one or more loops. Using the well-known observation that = ()!, Julian Schwinger noticed that one may simplify the integral:
Institutiones calculi integralis (Foundations of integral calculus) is a three-volume textbook written by Leonhard Euler and published in 1768. It was on the subject of integral calculus and contained many of Euler's discoveries about differential equations .It was written after "Institutiones calculi differentialis" (1755) and "Introductio in ...
Fikhtengol'ts's books on analysis are widely used in Middle and Eastern European, as well as Chinese universities, due to their exceptionally detailed and well-organized presentation of material on mathematical analysis. For unknown reasons, these books have not gained the same level of fame in universities in other parts of the world.
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