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Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP, α-fetoprotein; also sometimes called alpha-1-fetoprotein, alpha-fetoglobulin, or alpha fetal protein) is a protein [5] [6] that in humans is encoded by the AFP gene. [ 7 ] [ 8 ] The AFP gene is located on the q arm of chromosome 4 (4q13.3). [ 9 ]
Acute fatty liver of pregnancy is a rare life-threatening complication of pregnancy that occurs in the third trimester or the immediate period after delivery. [1] It is thought to be caused by a disordered metabolism of fatty acids by mitochondria in the fetus, caused by long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency. [2]
Other causes include: infiltrative liver diseases, granulomatous liver disease, abscess, amyloidosis of the liver and peripheral arterial disease. Mild elevation of ALP can be seen in liver cirrhosis, hepatitis, and congestive cardiac failure. Transient hyperphosphataemia is a benign condition in infants, and can reach normal level in 4 months.
GSD Ia is caused by a deficiency in the enzyme glucose-6-phosphatase; GSD Ib, a deficiency in the transport protein glucose-6-phosphate translocase. Because glycogenolysis is the principal metabolic mechanism by which the liver supplies glucose to the body during fasting , both deficiencies cause severe hypoglycemia and, over time, excess ...
The term fatty acid oxidation disorder (FAOD) is sometimes used, especially when there is an emphasis on the oxidation of the fatty acid. [3]In addition to the fetal complications, they can also cause complications for the mother during pregnancy.
The most common method of testing for hepatoblastoma is a blood test checking the alpha-fetoprotein level. Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is used as a biomarker to help determine the presence of liver cancer in children. At birth, infants have relatively high levels of AFP, which fall to normal adult levels by the second year of life.
Rarely, people with the hepatitis A virus can rapidly develop liver failure, termed fulminant hepatic failure, especially the elderly and those who had a pre-existing liver disease, especially hepatitis C. [17] [81] Mortality risk factors include greater age and chronic hepatitis C. [17] In these cases, more aggressive supportive therapy and ...
The scope of GSD VI now also includes glycogen storage disease type VIII, [2] IX [2] (caused by phosphorylase b kinase deficiency) and X [2] (deficiency protein kinase A). The incidence of GSD VI is approximately 1 case per 65,000–85,000 births, [2] representing approximately 30% all cases of glycogen storage disease.