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Adverse effects by frequency: [1] [2] Note that teratogenicity is not discussed here as it is not considered a side effect. For information regarding birth defects, see thalidomide .
A single dose of thalidomide, regardless of dosage, is enough to cause teratogenic effects. [6] Thalidomide was first marketed in 1957 in West Germany, where it was available over-the-counter. [9] [10] When first released, thalidomide was promoted for anxiety, trouble sleeping, "tension", and morning sickness.
The thalidomide molecule is a synthetic derivative of glutamic acid and consists of a glutarimide ring and a phthaloyl ring (Figure 5). [15] [16] Its IUPAC name is 2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)isoindole-1,3-dione and it has one chiral center [15] After thalidomide's selective inhibition of TNF-α had been reported, a renewed effort was put in thalidomide's clinical development.
Feet of a baby born to a mother who had taken thalidomide while pregnant. In the late 1950s and early 1960s, the use of thalidomide in 46 countries was prescribed to women who were pregnant or who subsequently became pregnant, and consequently resulted in the "biggest anthropogenic medical disaster ever," with more than 10,000 children born with a range of severe deformities, such as ...
Maio G., On the history of the Contergan (thalidomide) catastrophe in the light of drug legislation, Dtsch Med Wochenschr. 2001 October 19;126(42):1183-6.; Shah RR., Thalidomide, drug safety and early drug regulation in the UK, Adverse Drug React Toxicol Rev. 2001 Dec;20(4):199-255.
Severe side effects include low blood platelets, low white blood cells, and blood clots. [8] The dose may need to be adjusted in people with kidney problems. [8] Lenalidomide is closely related to thalidomide, which is known to cause severe birth defects, so its use during pregnancy is very likely to harm the fetus. [8]
In the European Union, pomalidomide, in combination with bortezomib and dexamethasone, is indicated in the treatment of adults with multiple myeloma who have received at least one prior treatment regimen including lenalidomide; [8] and in combination with dexamethasone is indicated in the treatment of adults with relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma who have received at least two prior ...
The therapeutic window (or pharmaceutical window) of a drug is the range of drug dosages which can treat disease effectively without having toxic effects. [25] Medication with a small therapeutic window must be administered with care and control, frequently measuring blood concentration of the drug, to avoid harm.