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After the war, Eisenhower served as the commander of the American zone of occupation in Germany. In November 1945, he succeeded Marshall as the chief of staff of the United States Army. Eisenhower left active duty in 1948 to become the president of Columbia University, but rejoined the army in 1951 to become the first supreme commander of NATO.
Eisenhower maintained no political party affiliation during this time. Many believed he was forgoing his only opportunity to be president as Republican Thomas E. Dewey was considered the probable winner and would presumably serve two terms, meaning that Eisenhower, at age 66 in 1956, would be too old to run. [115]
The 48-year tenure of veteran presidents after World War II was a result of that conflict's "pervasive effect […] on American society." [2] In the late 1970s and 1980s, almost 60 percent of the United States Congress had served in World War II or the Korean War, and it was expected that a Vietnam veteran would eventually accede to the presidency.
Many of our recent Presidents, in fact, did not serve in combat. Bill Clinton controversially avoided the draft. George W. Bush served in the Texas National Guard when the Guard was a place for ...
American women never served in combat roles (as did some Russians), but many were eager to serve as nurses and support personnel in uniform. [69] During the course of the war, 21,498 U.S. Army nurses (American military nurses were all women then) served in military hospitals in the United States and overseas.
2 presidents served as president of the United States for two non-consecutive terms, Grover Cleveland and Donald Trump. 2 presidents served as party leaders of the House of Representatives, James A. Garfield and Gerald Ford. 1 president served as an ordained minister, serving as a pastor in the Disciples of Christ (Christian) Church, James A ...
In fact, the Soviet Union did not deploy ICBMs until after Eisenhower left office, and the U.S. retained an overall advantage in nuclear weaponry. Eisenhower was aware of the American advantage in ICBM development because of intelligence gathered by U-2 planes, which had begun flying over the Soviet Union in 1956. [69]
To improve equity in the system, President Dwight D. Eisenhower signed an executive order on July 11, 1953, that ended the paternity deferment for married men. [47] In large part, the change in the draft served the purposes of the burgeoning Cold War.