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Alpha-keratin, or α-keratin, is a type of keratin found in mammalian vertebrates. This protein is the primary component in hairs , horns , claws , nails and the epidermis layer of the skin . α-keratin is a fibrous structural protein , meaning it is made up of amino acids that form a repeating secondary structure.
Keratin (/ ˈ k ɛr ə t ɪ n / [1] [2]) is one of a family of structural fibrous proteins also known as scleroproteins. It is the key structural material making up scales , hair , nails , feathers , horns , claws , hooves , and the outer layer of skin in vertebrates.
The first sequences of keratins revealed that keratins could be grouped into two categories based on their sequence homologies. [1] [2] These two groups of keratins were named as type I and type II keratins. [2]
A nail is a protective plate characteristically found at the tip of the digits (fingers and toes) of all primates, corresponding to the claws in other tetrapod animals. . Fingernails and toenails are made of a tough rigid protein called alpha-keratin, a polymer also found in the claws, hooves, and horns of ver
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The naming convention for these keratins follows that for protein structures: alpha keratin is helical and beta keratin is sheet-like. Alpha keratin is found in mammalian hair, skin, nails, horn and quills, while beta keratin can be found in avian and reptilian species in scales, feathers, and beaks. The two different structures of keratin have ...
The term cytokeratin began to be used in the late 1970s, when the protein subunits of keratin intermediate filaments inside cells were first being identified and characterized. [2] In 2006 a new systematic nomenclature for mammalian keratins was created, and the proteins previously called cytokeratins are simply called keratins (human ...
Keratin, type II cuticular Hb1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KRT81 gene. [5] [6] [7]The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the keratin gene family. As a type II hair keratin, it is a basic protein which heterodimerizes with type I keratins to form hair and nails.