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Chromosomal sex is determined at the time of fertilization; a chromosome from the sperm cell, either X or Y, fuses with the X chromosome in the egg cell. Gonadal sex refers to the gonads, that is the testicles or ovaries, depending on which genes are expressed. Phenotypic sex refers to the structures of the external and internal genitalia. [6]
The role genetics plays in the growth of a small baby into an adult has traditionally been a complex and poorly understood area of human biology.
Sex differences in human physiology are distinctions of physiological characteristics associated with either male or female humans. These differences are caused by the effects of the different sex chromosome complement in males and females, and differential exposure to gonadal sex hormones during development.
Sex-related illnesses have various causes: [citation needed] Sex-linked genetic illnesses; Parts of the reproductive system that are specific to one sex; Social causes that relate to the gender role expected of that sex in a particular society; Different levels of prevention, reporting, diagnosis or treatment in each gender
Sex chromosomes (also referred to as allosomes, heterotypical chromosome, gonosomes, heterochromosomes, [1] [2] or idiochromosomes [1]) are chromosomes that carry the genes that determine the sex of an individual. The human sex chromosomes are a typical pair of mammal allosomes.
Height measurement using a stadiometer. Human height or stature is the distance from the bottom of the feet to the top of the head in a human body, standing erect.It is measured using a stadiometer, [1] in centimetres when using the metric system or SI system, [2] [3] or feet and inches when using United States customary units or the imperial system.
Sexual differentiation is the process of development of the sex differences between males and females from an undifferentiated zygote. [1] [2] Sex determination is often distinct from sex differentiation; sex determination is the designation for the development stage towards either male or female, while sex differentiation is the pathway towards the development of the phenotype.
Genetic architecture is an overall explanation of all the genetic factors that play a role in a complex trait and exists as the core foundation of quantitative genetics. With the use of mathematical models and statistical analysis, like GWAS, researchers can determine the number of genes affecting a trait as well as the level of influence each ...