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Vietnamese uses 22 letters of the ISO basic Latin alphabet.The 4 remaining letters aren't considered part of the Vietnamese alphabet although they are used to write loanwords, languages of other ethnic groups in the country based on Vietnamese phonetics to differentiate the meanings or even Vietnamese dialects, for example: dz or z for southerner pronunciation of v in standard Vietnamese.
Vietnamese has rigid spelling rules and few exceptions, so text-to-speech engines may avoid dictionary lookups except when encountering a foreign loan word. TTS engines must account for tones, which are essential to the meaning of any Vietnamese word e.g. má (mother) is a different word to mà (but).
The Vietnamese alphabet (Vietnamese: chữ Quốc ngữ, lit. ' script of the National language ' , IPA: [ t͡ɕɨ˦ˀ˥ kuək̚˧˦ ŋɨ˦ˀ˥ ] ) is the modern writing script for Vietnamese . It uses the Latin script based on Romance languages [6] originally developed by Portuguese missionary Francisco de Pina (1585–1625).
The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Vietnamese language pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see Template:IPA and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.
Usually people in the south of Vietnam will pronounce it as "dô", but people in the north pronounce it as "dzô". The letter "z", which is not usually present in the Vietnamese alphabet, can be used for emphasis or for slang terms. [79] lu bu, lu xu bu /lu: bu:/, /lu: su: bu:/ "Lu bu" (from southern Vietnamese) meaning busy.
Vietnamese also has 14 vowel nuclei, and 6 tones that are integral to the interpretation of the language. Older interpretations of Vietnamese tones differentiated between "sharp" and "heavy" entering and departing tones. This article is a technical description of the sound system of the Vietnamese language, including phonetics and phonology.
Vietnamese calligraphy (Vietnamese alphabet: Thư pháp Việt Nam, chữ Hán: 書法越南) relates to the calligraphic traditions of Vietnam. It includes calligraphic works using a variety of scripts, including historical chữ Hán ( Chinese characters ), chữ Nôm (Vietnamese-derived characters), and the Latin-based Vietnamese alphabet .
Tam thiên tự (chữ Hán: 三千字; literally 'three thousand characters') is a Vietnamese text that was used in the past to teach young children Chinese characters and chữ Nôm. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It was written around the 19th century. [ 3 ]