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The phonology of Standard German is the standard pronunciation or accent of the German language. It deals with current phonology and phonetics as well as with historical developments thereof as well as the geographical variants and the influence of German dialects .
German orthography is the orthography used in writing the German language, which is largely phonemic.However, it shows many instances of spellings that are historic or analogous to other spellings rather than phonemic.
German words which come from Latin words with c before e, i, y, ae, oe are usually pronounced with (/ts/) and spelled with z. The letter q in German only ever appears in the sequence qu (/kv/), with the exception of loanwords, e.g., Coq au vin or Qigong (which is also written Chigong). The letter x (Ix, /ɪks/) occurs almost exclusively in ...
By the late 1400s, the choice of spelling between sz and ss was usually based on the sound's position in the word rather than etymology: sz ( ſz ) tended to be used in word final position: uſz (Middle High German: ûz, German: aus), -nüſz (Middle High German: -nüss(e), German: -nis); ss ( ſſ ) tended to be used when the sound occurred ...
The following is the chart of the International Phonetic Alphabet, a standardized system of phonetic symbols devised and maintained by the International Phonetic Association.
The Rat für deutsche Rechtschreibung (German pronunciation: [ˈʁaːt fyːɐ̯ ˈdɔʏtʃə ˈʁɛçtˌʃʁaɪbʊŋ], "Council for German Orthography" or "Council for German Spelling" [1]), or RdR, is the main international body regulating Standard High German orthography.
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It is used as the transcription of the Cyrillic letter Щ and usually read as two separate digraphs, /ʃ.t͡ʃ/ as in pushchairs or /s.t͡ʃ/ as in Pechishche, a place name in Belarus. [2] In word-final position, the French tetragraph cque is sometimes used for /k/ in some loan words, such as sacque (an old spelling of sack).