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Severe complications of a ruptured appendix include widespread, painful inflammation of the inner lining of the abdominal wall and sepsis. [3] Appendicitis is primarily caused by a blockage of the hollow portion in the appendix. [10] This blockage typically results from a faecolith, a calcified "stone" made of feces. [6]
The most common cause is a perforated abdominal organ, generally from a perforated peptic ulcer, although any part of the bowel may perforate from a benign ulcer, tumor or abdominal trauma. A perforated appendix seldom causes a pneumoperitoneum. Spontaneous pneumoperitoneum is a rare case that is not caused by an abdominal organ rupture.
Causes include perforation of the intestinal tract, pancreatitis, pelvic inflammatory disease, stomach ulcer, cirrhosis, a ruptured appendix or even a perforated gallbladder. [3] Risk factors include ascites (the abnormal build-up of fluid in the abdomen) and peritoneal dialysis . [ 4 ]
In intestinal perforation, gas may be visible under the diaphragm on chest x-ray while the patient is in an upright position. While x-ray is a fast and inexpensive to screen for perforation, an abdominal CT scan with contrast is more sensitive and specific for establishing a diagnosis as well as determining the underlying cause. [19]
Complicated (perforated) appendicitis should undergo prompt surgical intervention. [1] There has been significant recent trial evidence that uncomplicated appendicitis can be treated with either antibiotics or appendicectomy, [4] [5] with 51% of those treated with antibiotics avoiding an appendectomy after 3 years. [6]
According to the Mayo Clinic, a perforated appendix, or appendicitis, is "an inflammation of the appendix, a finger-shaped pouch that projects from your colon on the lower right side of your ...
Common causes of pain in the abdomen include gastroenteritis and irritable bowel syndrome. [3] About 15% of people have a more serious underlying condition such as appendicitis, leaking or ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm, diverticulitis, or ectopic pregnancy. [2] In a third of cases, the exact cause is unclear. [2]
The cause of this is not well understand but it's generally thought to be something to do with serotonin. Gut microbes modulate about 60% of your serotonin so that you can use it, and antibiotics ...