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Forms of matter that are not composed of molecules and are organized by different forces can also be considered different states of matter. Superfluids (like Fermionic condensate) and the quark–gluon plasma are examples. In a chemical equation, the state of matter of the chemicals may be shown as (s) for solid, (l) for liquid, and (g) for gas.
Semicrystalline: A solid state in complex organic chemistry where molecules are packed in a regular order but have substantial local disorder. Different structural phases of polymorphic materials are considered to be different states of matter in the Landau theory. For an example, see Ice § Phases. Liquid: A mostly non-compressible fluid. Able ...
(See state of matter § Glass.) More precisely, a phase is a region of space (a thermodynamic system), throughout which all physical properties of a material are essentially uniform. [1] [2]: 86 [3]: 3 Examples of physical properties include density, index of refraction, magnetization and chemical composition.
A definition of "matter" based on its physical and chemical structure is: matter is made up of atoms. [16] Such atomic matter is also sometimes termed ordinary matter . As an example, deoxyribonucleic acid molecules (DNA) are matter under this definition because they are made of atoms.
Quantities of atoms are found in different states of matter that depend on the physical conditions, such as temperature and pressure. By varying the conditions, materials can transition between solids, liquids, gases, and plasmas. [101] Within a state, a material can also exist in different allotropes.
In physics and chemistry, an equation of state is a thermodynamic equation relating state variables, which describe the state of matter under a given set of physical conditions, such as pressure, volume, temperature, or internal energy. [1] [2] Most modern equations of state are formulated in the Helmholtz free energy.
Drifting smoke particles indicate the movement of the surrounding gas.. Gas is one of the four fundamental states of matter.The others are solid, liquid, and plasma. [1] A pure gas may be made up of individual atoms (e.g. a noble gas like neon), elemental molecules made from one type of atom (e.g. oxygen), or compound molecules made from a variety of atoms (e.g. carbon dioxide).
This glossary of chemistry terms is a list of terms and definitions relevant to chemistry, including chemical laws, diagrams and formulae, laboratory tools, glassware, and equipment. Chemistry is a physical science concerned with the composition, structure, and properties of matter , as well as the changes it undergoes during chemical reactions ...