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The conversion of sodium carbonate to sodium hydroxide was superseded entirely by the chloralkali process, which produces sodium hydroxide in a single process. Sodium hydroxide is also produced by combining pure sodium metal with water. The byproducts are hydrogen gas and heat, often resulting in a flame. 2 Na(s) + 2 H 2 O(l) → 2 NaOH(aq) + H ...
Precipitation (chemistry) In an aqueous solution, precipitation is the "sedimentation of a solid material (a precipitate) from a liquid solution". [1][2] The solid formed is called the precipitate. [3] In case of an inorganic chemical reaction leading to precipitation, the chemical reagent causing the solid to form is called the precipitant. [4]
Salt (chemistry) The crystal structure of sodium chloride, NaCl, a typical salt. The purple spheres represent sodium cations, Na +, and the green spheres represent chloride anions, Cl −. The yellow stipples show the electrostatic forces. In chemistry, a salt or ionic compound is a chemical compound consisting of an assembly of positively ...
Saponification is a process of cleaving esters into carboxylate salts and alcohols by the action of aqueous alkali. Typically aqueous sodium hydroxide solutions are used. [1][2] It is an important type of alkaline hydrolysis. When the carboxylate is long chain, its salt is called a soap. The saponification of ethyl acetate gives sodium acetate ...
Blue bottle reaction video. The blue bottle experiment is a color-changing redox chemical reaction. An aqueous solution containing glucose, sodium hydroxide, methylene blue is prepared in a closed bottle containing some air. Upon standing, it spontaneously turns from blue to colorless due to reduction of methylene blue by the alkaline glucose ...
Diagram of a downs cell electrolyzing molten NaCl into chlorine gas and sodium metal. Downs' process is an electrochemical method for the commercial preparation of metallic sodium, in which molten NaCl is electrolyzed in a special apparatus called the Downs cell. The Downs cell was invented in 1923 (patented: 1924) by the American chemist James ...
Plasmid miniprep. 0.8% agarose gel ethidium bromide -stained. A plasmid preparation is a method of DNA extraction and purification for plasmid DNA. It is an important step in many molecular biology experiments and is essential for the successful use of plasmids in research and biotechnology. [1][2] Many methods have been developed to purify ...
The Castner process for production of sodium metal was introduced in 1888 by Hamilton Castner. At that time (prior to the introduction in the same year of the Hall-Héroult process) the primary use for sodium metal was as a reducing agent to produce aluminium from its purified ores. The Castner process reduced the cost of producing sodium in ...